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FORFUBUC  SCHOOLS 


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OLTON&ROLLINS 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

SANTA  BARBARA 

COLLEGE 

PRESENTED  BY 


\(^illiam  E.  Robert- 


H-  ^1    ' 


INDUSTRIAL  WORK 

for 

PUBLIC    SCHOOLS 


An  Indian  stitch  basket 


INDUSTRIAL  WORK 

for 

PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 


By  MARTHA  ADELAIDE   HOLTON 

Supervisor  of  Primary  and  Industrial  \Vo)k, 

Minneapolis,  Minnesota^  Author  of 

''  The   Ho  I  ton    Primer'';   and 

ALICE    F.   ROLLINS 

Principal  of  the   Sheridan 

School,  Minneapolis , 

Minnesota 


With  Eighty 
Illustrations  in  Half-tone 


ED  UCA  TIO NA  L  P  UB  L ISHER  S 

RAND,  McNALLY  &  COxMPANY 

CHICAGO  NEW  YORK  LONDON 


Copyright,  iq>^ 
liv  Maktiia  Adkuaidk  Hoi.ton 


Chicago 


680S5 


FOREWORD 


EDUCATIVE  all-round  manual  training  develops  the  habit 
and  skill  for  all-sided  work ;  it  makes  the  worker  capable 
of  doing  new  tasks  and  studying  new  conditions." 

The  industrial  work  suggested  in  this  book  has  been  thoroughly 
tested  and  is  based  upon  practical  experience. 

Many  mediums  are  advised  because  a  variety  in  material  and 
processes  is  desirable.  Construction  in  cardboard  and  paper  is 
valuable,  and  accuracy,  symmetry,  and  regularity  are  its  charac- 
teristics ;  but  other  kinds  of  work  that  express  different  elements, 
such  as  freedom,  grace,  originality,  judgment,  reasoning,  and 
designing,  are  equally  good,  and  they  should  be  a  part  of  the  hand- 
work of  all  schools. 

Clay  modeling  is  the  best  possible  beginning  of  an  interest  in 
art  and  its  evolution.  So  reed-weaving,  rug-making,  ralha  work, 
whittling,  sewing,  and  iron  work  each  has  its  particular  value,  and 
fortunate  is  the  little  one  who  has  all  these  avenues  open  to  him 
in  the  public  vschools. 

Grateful  acknowledgment  is  made  to  the  teachers,  principals, 
and  supervisors  of  the  Minneapolis  schools  who  have  assisted  in 
the  practical  demonstration  of  this  course  of  industrial  work,  and 
also  to  the  publishers  of  the  poems  and  other  quotations  used. 

May,  i()0-f. 


IHI-:   TABLi:  OI'  coxiKxrs 

I'AGK 

Foreword 5 

Dedication 7 

FiR>r  Vkar  Work 9 

September,   10:      ( )ct()ber,   1^:      November,    16;      December, 

20;     January,   23;     February,   29:     March,   7,2;    April,  38; 

May  and  June,  40  ;  July,  42. 

Second  Year  Wiu<k 45 

September,  45  ;     October,  48  ;      November,  53  ;     December, 

56  ;    January,  63  ;     February,  65  ;     March,  68  ;     April,  74  : 

May  and  June,   79. 

Third  Year  Work 87 

Fourth  or  Fiith  Year  Work .,,...     107 

A  List  of  the  Authors  Quoted     .     .  ..               ,.127 

Information  Conccruino;  Materials    .  .     .      129 

A  List  of  Books  oil  hidustrial  Work  .     .     131 

The  Index  .....      133 


Co 

t\)c  tcati)cx$  anti  rlnltircn 

of  tl]c  public  ^d)ool^ 

tl)i3  booh  i^ 

OcoicatcO 


♦♦♦♦ 


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Single  Weaving 

Fur  directions,  see  Lesson  7,  page  15 


INDUSTRIAL    WORK 
for  PUBLIC   SCHOOLS 

FIRST   YEAR   WORK 


If  \ve  seek  the  king-dom  of  heaven,  educationally,  all  other  things 
shall  be  added  unto  us  —  which  being  interpreted  is,  that  if  we  identify 
ourselves  with  the  real  instincts  and  needs  of  childhood,  and  ask  only 
after  the  fullest  assertion  and  growth,  the  discipline  and  information 
and  culture  of  adult  life  shall  come  in  their  due  season. 

— John  Dewey. 

The  work  of  this  grade  is  based  upon  the  child's  natural  desire 
to  do,  to  make  something  useful  in  play  that  he  mav  take  home  or 
use  in  school. 

The  objects  made  may  not  be  of  interest  a  month  later,  but  the 
making  has  vServed  its  purpose.  The  children  have  gained  the 
educational  value  that  grows  out  of  the  expression  of  ideas  and 
out  of  planning,  designing,  and  constructing  something  that 
touches  their  lives  and  is  of  vital  interest  to  them. 

The  great  end  to  be  gained  is  the  educational  value  of  the 
work  and  not  the  commercial  value  of  the  articles  made.  Toys, 
tape  measures,  and  baskets  can  be  purchased  for  a  few  pennies ; 
but  the  reasoning,  judgment,  acctiracy.  self-control,  originality, 
and  power  developed  through  making  cannot  be  ptirchased. 


I n  (I us  I r  i ii  I   W^'ork 
.September 

Autumn's  earliest  touch  lias  j^iven 

To  the  woods  below 
Hues  of  beauty,  such  as  heaven 

Lendeth  to  his  bow. 

—  In-oin  '•  .lutiimn,"  by  fohn  Grecnlenf  W'hitI icr. 

If  hand  and  eye  _\-ou  deftly  train, 

I'irni  i^rows  the  will,  and  keen  the  brain. 

— Jo/iann   WolfgiDti;  von  Goethe. 

]Makin*^  is  the  nattiral  beginning  and  foundation  of  all  the  con- 
ceptive  modes  of  expression.  Tt  is  nature's  primary  method  of 
human  growth,  laying  and  building  a  sure  foundation  for  higher 
action. 

Tt  is  impossible  to  do  all-sided,  educative  work  without  training  in 
handwork.  Manual  training  is  the  most  important  factor  in  primary 
education,  and  it  remains  a  prominent  factor  in  all  education. 

—  Francis   W .  Parktr. 

I.     Square  Seed  Box 

Material —  Drawing  paper. 

Draw  and  eut  a  6-ineh  stpiare.  Fold  the  lower  edge  to  meet 
the  upper  edge.  Crease.  Unfold.  Fold  the  lower  edge  to  meet 
the  erease.  Unfold.  Fold  the  upper  edge  to  meet  the  first  erease. 
Unfold.  Turn  the  paper  so  that  the  creases  will  be  in  a  vertieal 
position.  Repeat  the  direetions  for  folding  and  you  will  have 
sixteen  squares.  Find  the  upper  right  square.  Ctit  along  its 
lower  edge.  Cut  along  the  lower  edge  of  the  upper  left  square. 
Cut  along  the  upper  edge  of  the  lower  left  square.  Cut  along  the 
upper  edge  of  the  lower  right  square.  Fold  into  bt)x  form  and 
paste  the  etn^ner  squares  on  the  inside  of  the  short  oblong. 

lo 


First  Year    ]\\^rk 


Repeat  this  exercise  and  use  the  second  box  for  a  cover  of  the 
first.  Cut  a  small  triangle  out  of  the  bottom  of  the  two  parallel 
sides  of  the  cover,  thus  allowing  places  to  hold  the  box  when  you 
Avish  to  remove  the  cover. 


A  square  seed  box  and  cover 

This  lesson  should  be  repeated  several  times,  or  until  the  chil- 
dren do  the  work  very  accurately. 

No  new  exercise  should  ever  be  given  until  the  last  one  pre- 
sented has  been  thoroughly  taught.  This  avoids  much  of  the 
difficulty  often  experienced  by  teachers  and  is  good  pedagogy.  It 
is  the  practical  application  of  sound  educational  principles  and 
should  be  followed  by  all  teachers.  "Not  how  much  but  how 
well"  is  a  good  rule  for  industrial  work. 

2.     Small  Basket 

Material —  Heavy  colored 
paper. 
Take  a  piece  of  paper 
6x8  inches.  Fold  it  into 
twelve  2-inch  squares. 
With  the  three  squares  in 
a  horizontal  position,  find 
the  middle  square  in  the 
top  row.     Cut  upon  the  left  .4  small  basket  in  Hvo  colors  of  paper 

II 


I  ml II  s  I r  i ii  I   Work 


and  rij^lit  sides  of  this  square.  Repeat 
witli  llie  middle  sqiinre  n])()n  tlie  bottom 
row.  I-'old  the  two  outside  S([nares 
around  this  s(|uare  and  ])aste.  Cut  the 
handle  the  size  re([uired  and  ])aste  in- 
side the  basket. 


<)]iall  I 


3.     Doll's  Chair 


Material  —  Heavy  foldin<^  paper. 

Cut  a  6-ineh  square.  Fold  this  into  nine  2-ineh  squares.  Cut 
across  the  top  of  the  lower  right  square,  also  the  lower  left  square. 
Find  the  square  in  the  middle  of  the  top  row  and  eut  across  both 
the  rio-ht  and  the  left  sides.  Fold  this  square  up  towards  you  for 
the  back  of  the  chair.  Fold  the  remaining-  squares  into  the  shape 
of  a  cube  and  paste  them  together.  Now  cut  «^^^^^^^^«« 
an  oblong  2x4  inches  and  paste  on  the  back  ■^^^^^^^^■ll 
of  the  chair,  to  strengthen  it.  At  the  top  of  ■^^^^^^^^■'. 
the  back  ^4  the  chair  cut  out  a  small  oblong, 
as  an  orn:imcnt. 

At  the  bottom,  beginning  about  3g  of  an 
inch    from    each    corner,    cut   an    oblong 

al)out   1   inch   high,   to  form      1^ 
the  le<>s  of  the  chair. 


I 


DolVs  jiinii litre 
12 


F i  r  s  t   ]  V  a  r    J J^o  r  k 

4.     Doll's  Table 

Take  an  8-inch  square  of  heavy  paper.  Fold  it  into  sixteen 
2-ineh  squares.  Cut  across  the  top  of  the  lower  right  square,  also 
the  lower  left  square.  Cut  across  the  bottom  of  the  upper  right 
square,  also  the  upper  left  square.  Fold  into  box  form  and  paste. 
UvSe  the  bottom  of  the  box  for  the  top  of  the  table  and  at  the  bot- 
tom of  each  side,  beginning  y^,  of  an  inch  from  the  corner,  cut  an 
oblong  about  3  inches  by  i  inch.  This  will  make  the  opening 
between  the  legs  of  the  table. 

General  Work 

Model  in  clay  some  of  the  fruits  and  vegetables,  as :  pears,  plums, 
apples,  potatoes,  tomatoes,  and  onions. 

Model  spheres,  marbles,  balls,  and  beads. 

Cut  fruits  and  vegetables  from  Manila  or  drawing  paper. 

Bring  a  large  wooden  box  into  the  schoolroom  and  convert  it  into  a 
doll's  house. 

Ask  the  children  to  bring  pieces  of  wall  paper  and  select  the  ones 
suitable  for  the  different  rooms.  Paper  the  rooms  of  the  doll's  house 
and  begin  to  furnish  it  with  the  articles  of  furniture  made.  Add  to 
these  from  time  to  time,  and  keep  the  interest  alive  in  different  ways. 

October 

O  suns  and  skies  and  clouds  of  June 

And  flowers  of  June  together, 
Ye  cannot  rival  for  one  hour 

October's  bright  blue  weather. 

O  suns  and  skies  and  flowers  of  June. 

Count  all  your  boasts  together, 
Love  loveth  best  of  all  the  year, 

October's  bright  blue  weather. 

—  Flclt'ii  Hunt  Jac/csoft. 

13 


Toy  laiilcrii.' 


I II (f It s  I r i L(  I   Work 

The  body,  mind,  and  soul  of  a  liitlc  child  cry  (jiit 
for  sc'lf-activil}-.  CliiUhx-n  find  their  greatest  delight 
in  that  self-activit_\-  that  constructs,  creates.  It  mat- 
ters little  what  children  do  at  first.  They  will  imitate 
everything  and  anything  of  human  action  that  im- 
])resses  them.  Tlicy  find  themselves  in  continuous 
self-expression. 

I  have  never  known  a  little  child  who  did  not  loA'^e 
to  make  things.  I  have  never  known  that  love  to  cease 
in  eight  years  of  continuous  hand-training.  This  ap- 
plies alike  to  boys  and  girls,  who,  under  my  direction, 
have  always  had  the  same  kind  of  handwork. 

—  I-ya/uis  ir.  l\xrker. 

5.     Toy  Lantern 

Material —  Heavy  paper. 

Cut  a  6-inch  square.  Paste  bands  <  )f  black 
paper  3}^  of  an  inch  wide  across  the  top  and 
bottom  of  the  scjuare.  Fold  the  top  to  meet 
the  bottom  with  the  bands  of  black  outside. 
Crease.  Beginning  on  the  crease  make  cuts 
about  '4  of  an  inch  apart  from  the  crease  to 
the  black  paper.  Paste  the  ends  of  the  bands 
of  black  together  to  form  the  top  and  bottom 
of  the  lantern.  Cut  a  strip  of  black  dy^y'^ 
inches  for  the  handle  and  paste  it  across  the 
top  of  the  lantern. 

6.     Doll's  Bureau 

Take  a  .square  of  heavy  paper  8x8  inches.  Fold 
this  into  sixteen  sc^uares,  then  cut  and  paste  into  a 
square  box  4x4  inches  and  2  inches  high.  For 
the  drawers  take  two  pieces  of  paper  6x8  inches 
and  fold  each  into  twelve  squares.     Cut  and  paste 


14 


F ir st   ^ ^e a r    Jf'o r k 

each  into  an  oblong  box  2x2x4  inches.  If  you  choose,  paste  a 
handle  upon  each  drawer.  Put  these  into  the  square  box,  and  for 
the  back  cut  an  oblong  4x7  inches.  Paste  this  upon  the  back  and 
upon  the  3  inches  that  come  above  the  bureau.  Cut  slits  and  bend 
the  top  forward  to  represent  the  looking-glass,  or  paste  silver  paper 
upon  the  back,  in  the  form  you  wish  the  glass.  (See  illustration, 
page  12.) 

7.     Single  Weaving 

Take  an  8-inch  square  of  heavy  paper.  Fold  the  bottom  edge 
over  to  meet  the  top.  In  the  upper  right-hand  corner,  i  inch  from 
the  top  and  i  inch  from  the  right  side,  make  a  dot.  Repeat  in  the 
upper  left-hand  corner.  Join  the  two  dots  with  a  straight  line, 
and  make  dots  on  the  line  i  inch  apart.  On  the  fold  make  dots 
I  inch  apart,  opposite  the  dots  on  the  upper  line.  Join  dots  with 
straight  lines  and  cut  on  the  lines.  Unfold.  You  will  have  a 
square  with  a  i-inch  border  all  around,  and  the  center  cut  into 
I -inch  strips.  Weave  with  i-inch  strips  over  one  and  under  one, 
until  you  have  used  six  i-inch  strips.  vSlip  the  ends  under  the 
margin  of  the  square  and  fasten  them  with  pa.ste. 

You  can  vary  the  work  by  cutting  different  widths  in  the 
square,  also  in  the  weaver.  As  you  work  with  the  strips,  new 
patterns  will  be  suggested.  Use  folding  paper  of  attractive  colors 
for  these  mats.     (See  illustration,  page  8.) 

General  Work 

Model  nuts  and  vegetables  from  clay.  Collect  and  mount  colored 
leaves.     Collect  seeds  and  place  them  in  the  seed  boxes. 

^lake  labels  and  paste  them  on  the  boxes. 

Cut  cornstalks  and  twigs,  with  leaves  upon  them,  from  Manila  or 
drawing  paper. 

15 


1 11  (/ II s  I r  i a  I   Work 

C'nt  tlic-  slory  ot  the  "Little  Red  Wen"  or  "Little  Red  Ridinji- 
I  lood  "  ffdiii  poses. 

Illustrate  b}-  eiittin<;s  and  drawing's  stories  of  the  farm,  as,  jjiekinj^- 
a])ples,  huskin.i;'  corn,  and  i)iitlini>"  vei^etables  into  the  cellar. 

Continue  furnishinL;'  the  doll's  house. 

policmbcr 

The  leaves  are  fading-  and  fallin*,'-, 

The  winds  are  rough  and  wild  ; 
The  birds  have  ceased  their  calling. 

Rut  let  me  tell  you,  my  child, 

Though  day  by  da_\',  as  it  closes, 

Doth  darker  and  colder  grow, 
The  roots  of  the  bright  red  roses 

"Will  keep  alive  in  the  snow. 

—  Alice  Cary. 

The  child's  impulse  to  do  finds  expression  first  in  play,  in  movement, 
gesture,  and  make-believe  ;  becomes  more  definite,  and  seeks  outlet  in 
shaping  material  into  tangible  forms  of  permanent  embodiment. 

— Jolni  Dewey. 

Woven  Basket 

Material —  Heavy  folding  paper. 

Cut  a  9-inch  square.  P'old  it  into 
nine  squares.  Cut  out  the  four  corner 
squares.     Around  the  center  square 

I  make  dots  y^  of  an  inch  apart.  On 
the  outer  edge  of  the  four  outside 
squares  make  dots  3^2  of  an  inch  apart. 
Cut  to  the  opposite  dot.  For  weavers, 
cut  two  strips  1  5  inches  long  and  y^ 
A  woven  basket  of    an  inch    wide,   and   two  strips  15 

16 


iVMOJ 


First   Year    JVork 


inches  long  and  yl  of  an  inch  wide.     With  a  '^.-inch  strip  weave 

across  one  side.     Above  this  weave  with  the   i^-inch  strip,  thcr. 

above  this  with  the  y2-inch  strip,  and  above  this  with  the  14; -inch 

strip,  and  one  side  is  finished.     Bend  tip  at  the  corner,  and  weave 

the   next   side  in   the    same  way. 

Continue  until  the  four  sides  are 

woven.     Fasten  the  last  corner  by 

overlapping  the  weavers.  To  finish 

the  top  of  the  basket,  bend  every 

other   one  of  the   upright  spokes 

over  the  last  w^eaver  to  the  inside 

of  the  basket  and  push  down  under 

the   second   weaver  from  the  top 

and  cut  off  the  spokes  that  are  left 

upright   close   to   the    top  of    the 

basket.     Fasten  on  a  handle  and 

the  basket  is  finished.  .4  ivovcu  basket 


9.     Sled 

Material —  Heavy  cardboard. 

Draw  an  oblong  8x5  inches.  Place  oblong  with  the  8-inch 
edges  in  a  horizontal  position.  At  a  distance  of  i  inch  from  the 
top  and  bottom  draw  lines  parallel  to  the  top  and  bottom.  At  the 
left  end  draw  a  parallel  line  y^  of  an  inch  from  the  edge.  Bisect 
this  line  with  a  dot.  Place  pin  of  circle  marker  on  dot  and  draw 
half  of  a  3-inch  circle  on  the  right  of  this  line.  Cut  out  the  entire 
half  circle.  Connect  the  two  horizontal  lines  with  a  line  parallel 
to  and  1 1/2  inches  from  the  right  edge.  Bisect  this  line  and  draw 
half  of  a  3-inch  circle  on  the  right  of  this  line.  Connect  the  upper 
right-hand  corner  and  the  point  where  the  semi-circle  meets  the 
top  end  of  the  line.       Connect  the  lower  right-hand  corner  with 


17 


///(/// s  //■  i (/  /    Work 


tile  |)i  lini  wIktl'  the  scnii-cirelc  meets  tlie  lower 
(■n.l  of  llie  line.  I>e_t;'in  at  the  upper  rij^'ht- 
liaiid  eoriK-r.  Cut  aeross  the  slant  line,  then 
ai-oimd  the  eireumferenee  of  the  semi-eirele 
and  aeioss  the  skint  line  to  the  lower  rii^ht- 
hand  eorner.  T^laee  a  dot  1^/2  inches  to  the 
rii^ht  of  the  ii])per  left-hand  corner.  Connect 
with  the  left  end  of  the  horizontal  lines  i  inch 
below  the  upper  left-hand  eorner.  Cut  on 
slant  line.  Repeat  on  lower  leftdiand  eorner. 
i'old  runners  of  sled  downward  on  horizontal 
lines. 


.4  sled 


10.     Indian  Canoe 

Material—  Drawing  paper. 

Draw  an  oblong  Gx  10  inches.  One  and  one-half  inches  down 
from  the  upper  left  corner  and  1  '_,  inches  to  the  right  of  this  point 
make  a  dot.  With  this  dot  as  a  center  draw  a  3-inch  circle.  Repeat 
in  the  other  three  corners.  Place  the  oblong  with  the  6-inch  ends 
in  a  vertical  position.  From  the  point  where  the  circles  touch 
draw  a  line  upon  the  diameter  of  the  circles  2  inches  toward  the 
top,  also  2  inches  toward 
the  bottom.  Repeat  on 
opposite  end.  Connect 
with  a  straight  line  the 
upper  end  of  the  right  line 
with  the  upper  end  of  the 
left  line.  Repeat  with 
lower  ends  of  lines.  Fold 
through  the  center,  the  long  way,  and  crease.  Beginning  at  the 
lower  right  of  oblong  cut  around  the  circle  until   vou  meet  the 


.4;/   [)uiia!i  eanoe 


/S 


First   Vcar   JVor/c 

oblong,  across  the  top  of  the  obkjng,  and  around  the  circle  to 
the  lower  left  of  the  oblong.  Paste  the  ends  together  and  streak 
with  brown  crayon  to  give  it  the  appearance  of  birch  bark,  or  over- 
hand around  the  canoe  with  worsted. 

II.     Puritan  Cradle 

Material —  Manila  paper. 

Cut  an  8-inch  square.  Fold  this  square  into  sixteen  2-inch 
squares.  From  any  side  cut  off  a  row  of  four  squares.  Save  this 
for  the  rockers.  Place  the  remaining  squares  with  the  rows  of 
four  squares  in  a  horizontal  position.  Cut  across  the  top  of  the 
lower  right  and  also  the  lower  left  squares.  Cut  across  the  bottom 
of  the  upper  right  and  also  the  upper  left  squares.  Turn  up  the 
middle  square  at  the  right  and  fold  the  two  remaining  squares 
across  this  square  and  paste.  Repeat  with  the  opposite  end.  j\Iake 
another  oblong  box  like  this.  Paste  the  lower  half,  with  end  down- 
ward, into  the  first  box,  the  bottom  of  the  second  box  being  pasted 
to  the  end  of  the  first  box.     This  forms  the  cover  for  the  cradle. 

For  tJic  Rockers — Take  the  row  of  four  squares.  Fold  the  right 
end  to  meet  the  left  end  and  paste  together.  This  will  make  an 
oblong  2x4  inches.  Place  the  4-inch  side  in  a  horizontal  position. 
Cut  a  I -inch  square  from  the  lower  right  corner,  also  from  the 
lower  left  corner.  This  will  leave  two  oblongs,  a  small  one  and  a 
larger  one.  Cut  the  larger  one  in  a  curve  to  form  the  rockers. 
Paste  the  small  oblong  to  the  bottom  of  the  cradle  so  that  the 
rockers  will  be  )'>,  of  an  inch  from  the  end.  JMake  the  other  rocker 
in  the  same  way  from  the  remaining  row  of  four  squares. 

General  Work 

Much  making  can  and  should  be  done  in  ccninection  with  the  study 
of  Indian  and  Pilgrim  life. 

'9 


I  luhi  s  1 1-  ia  I   Work 

IJiiild  Iol;-  liouscs  and  make  fiiniilurc  for  them.  (The  houses  ean 
he  made  from  Iwii^s  euL  to  represent  h)j>'s.) 

Dress  a  doll  in  Pilg-rim  eostume.     ^lake  eancjes  from  hark  and  paper. 

Make  wi.L^wam  from  skins,  leather,  and  ])aper. 

^[odel  primitive  dishes  from  elay. 

Have  eultinti-s  made  from  poses  of  Pilt^rims  goinj^-  t(j  ehurch,  of 
Pih^rim  ehildren,  ete. 

SDcrcmbcr 

Why  do  bells  for  Christmas  ring  ? 
Why  do  little  ehildren  sing-? 

Once  a  lovely  shining  star, 

Seen  by  shepherds  from  afar. 

Gently  moved  until  its  light 

Made  a  manger  cradle  bright. 

There  a  darling  baby  lay, 

Pillowed  soft  upon  the  hay; 

And  its  mother  sang  and  smiled, 

"  This  is  Christ,  the  holy  Child." 
Therefore,  bells  for  Christmas  ring. 
Therefore,  little  children  sing. 

—  From  '•  /f  7/r.'  "  by  Eugene  Field. 

Making  has  done  more  for  the  human  race  than  the  exercise  of 
any,  if  not  all,  of  the  other  modes  of  expression.  It  is  absolutely  indis- 
pensable to  normal,  physical  development  ;  it  has  had  a  might)'  influ- 
ence upon  brain-building  ;  it  has  cultivated  ethics  as  a  basis  of  all 
moral  growth. 

— Francis  W.  Parlccr. 

Producing  something  useful  by  its  own  labor  gives  keen  satisfaction 
to  a  child,  just  as  it  does  to  a  man.  What  Washin-gton  wanted  to  do 
when  he  finally  retired  to  Mount  Vernon,  was  "  to  make  and  sell  a  little 
flour  annually."  Many  a  bereaved  woman  has  found  more  consolation 
in  tending  a  garden  and  in  making  good  use  of  the  flowers,  than  in  all 
Milton,  Watts,  and  Tennyson.  This  wholesome  human  quality  all 
schools  ought  to  develop  systematically  from  the  beginning. 

—  Cliarles^W.  Eliot. 

20 


Firs  t   i  ^ea  r    Jl^o r k 


12.     Sachet  Square 

Material — A  6-inch  square  of  silver  paper. 

Measure  y^  inch  down  from  the  upper  right  cor- 
"*     ner  and    Y^   inch  to  the  left  of  this  point  and 
rW    make  a  dot.      Make  a  correspond- 
^  ing  dot  in  each  of  the  other  cor- 
ners.   Connect  these  dots,  making 
a  square  and  leaving  a  margin  of 
Yz  inch  all  around.     On  the  top  and  bottom  of     V^ 
the   5-inch  square  ma.ke  dots   Y^   inch  apart  and 
connect  these  dots  with  straight  lines.       Cut   on    "^ 
these    lines.      Weave   with    i^-inch 

strips   of    another   color.       Put    all    ends  of 
^  weavers  under  the  border  and  paste  them. 

^"^t^'^.  ^3-     Shaving  Ball 

'"  '^  \^^'^'      Material —  Tissue  paper. 
'  \    ■  "^  "         Take    six    sheets  of   tissue 
paper    and     cut    them    into 
6-inch  circles.     Fold  each  circle  on  the  diame- 
ter, then   fold  twice   more.      Crush   in  your 
hand.      Do  this  with  each  circle  and  strino: 
through  the  center  of  each  as  it 

,^     is  folded.    When  the  six  sheets 
ft        -' 

\     are  used,  tie  the  string. 


.4  mitten  needle  book 


14.     Mitten  Needle  Book 

Material —  Red  cardboard. 
Cut  two  pieces  of  cardboard  the 
shape  of   a   mitten  about  a,Y   inches  long   by    2\z   inches    wide. 
Sew  three  seams  upon  the  back  of  the  mitten.     Cut  two   pieces 


21 


I mhtsl ria I   W'ork 


of  white  flannel  the  same  shape  as  the  mitten  and  fasten  them 
between  the  pieees  of  eardboard,  at  the  wrist. 

15.     Match  Scratcher 

Mixtcrial    -Dark  cardboard. 

Cut  a  circle  5  inches  in  diameter.  From  sandpaper  cut  a  circle 
2^4  inches  in  diameter  and  paste  this  in  the  center  of  the  first 
circle.  Around  this  paste  small  circles,  about  1  inch  in  diameter, 
of  some  color  that  harmonizes  with  the  large  circle.  Punch  a  hole 
in  the  top  and  fasten  a  ribbon  to  hang  it  up. 

Invitation  to  See  Christmas  Work 

Cut  the  shape  of  a  bell  frcnn 
colored  cardboard.  Size,  6x41/2 
inches.  Cut  a  paper  the  same  size 
and  fasten  to  the  cardboard.  Upon 
the  paper  write : 

"  ]Vc  ask  yon  all  to  coiiu\ 

Our  Christmas  i^'ork  to  sec, 

J I  'ith  merry  hearts  our  gifts  iceve  hinig 

L'po)i  the  Christmas  tree. 

On  Thursday  next  tcv  celebrate. 

The  hour  it  is  at  two. 

With  Merry  Christmas  until  then 

\  \  'e  say  gooii-by  to  you." 

Gexkrai.  Work 

The  entire  work  of  this  month  is 
based  iipon  the  Christmas  thought  of 
giving,  and  all  the  articles  .suggested 
arc  suitable  gifts  for  parents  or  friends. 

Moimt  small  calendars  upon  colored  cartls  and  gild  the  edges  of 
the  cards.     Hang  them  with  silk  cord  or  ribbon.     Mount  small  pictures 


A  Christmas  iiivitatiou 


22 


Firs  t   ]  ^ca  r    J  To  r  k 

of  the  Madonnas  upon  gray  cardboard  and  g-ild  the  edges.  Hang  them 
the  same  as  the  calendars. 

Tell  stories  of  Christmas  in  other  lands  and  have  the  children 
express  the  ideas  gained  by  cutting  and  making. 

Have  a  Christmas  tree  and  let  the  children  trim  it. 

Decorate  the  room  with  paper  chains  and  small  cok)red  lanterns. 
(See  October  outline.)  These  lanterns  are  very  attractive  if  liung  in 
rows  around  the  roo:ii. 

Make  the  things  that  are  suitable  for  the  particular  children  with 
whom  you  are  working. 

''The  motive  in  making  is  the  function  or  use  of  tlic  object  made." 

"  Making  has  for  its  motive  practical  use." 

CHRISTMAS    EVERVWIIERE 

Everywhere,  everywhere,  Christmas  to-night ! 
Christmas  in  lands  of  the  fir-tree  and  pine, 
Christmas  in  lands  of  the  palm-tree  and  vine, 
Christmas  where  snow-peaks  stand  solemn  and  wliite, 
Christmas  where  cornfields  lie  sunny  and  bright. 

Christmas  where  children  are  hopeful  and  gay, 
Christmas  where  old  men  are  patient  and  gray, 
Christmas  where  peace,  like  a  dove  in  his  flight, 
Broods  o'er  brave  men  in  the  thick  of  the  fight  ; 
Everywhere,  everywhere,  Christmas  to-night  ! 

—  Phillt'ps  Ih-oo!cs, 

3anuarp 

The  snow  had  begun  in  the  gloaming. 

And  busily  all  the  night 
Had  been  heaping  field  and  highway 

Witli  a  silence  deep  and  while. 

23 


I  ml  II  s  I  r  i  ill   J  Vo  r  k 

|{;vcry  pine,  and  fir,  and  hemlock, 
Wore  ermine  too  dear  for  an  earl, 

^Vnd  the  poorest  twij>"  on  the  elm  tree 
Was  ridj^ed  inch  deep  with  pearl. 

—  fames  Russell  Loi>.'ell . 

"T'hc  child  is  a  born  worker  ;  activity  is  the  law  of  his  nature." 

The  foundation  of  education  ccjnsists  in  training  a  child  to  work,  to 
love  work,  to  put  the  energy  of  his  entire  being  into  work  ;  to  do  that 
work  which  best  develops  his  body,  mind,  and  soul  ;  to  do  that  work 
most  needed  for  the  elevation  of  mankind. 

—  Francis    \\\   Parker. 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  PAPER  WEAVING 

This  work  is  especially  good,  for  all  children  because  it  necessi- 
tates the  equal  use  of  the  right  and  left  hand,  and  it  furnishes  an 
excellent  opportunity  for  originality. 

A  great  variety  of  bookmarks,  pencil  trays,  baskets,  mats,  and 
boxes  can  be  made,  and  these  articles  are  all  attractive  and  useful. 
Material — Manila  paper  strips  i  inch  wide  and  40  inches  long. 
Colored  paper  strios  1  inch  wide  and  20  inches  long. 

17.     Bookmark 

Material — Two  Manila  strips  10  inches  long  and  two  colored  paper 
strips  10  inches  long. 

Fold  each  strip  exactly  in  the  middle  and  crease  it. 

Between  the  first  and  second  fingers  of  the  left  hand  place  one 
Manila  strip  with  folded  end  about  i  inch  above  the  fingers.  At 
the  right  of  this  strip  place  another  Manila  strip,  with  open  end 
2  inches  above  the  fingers.  Take  the  open  end  of  one  colored 
strip  between  the  thumb  and  first  finger  of  the  right  hand.  Open 
the  ends  of  this  .strip  and  place  the  outside  ^Manila  strip  between 

24 


First  Year   Work 


Right  and  left  weaving — Bookmark 


them.  Close  the  ends  of  the  colored  strip.  With  the  left  thumb, 
open  the  inside  Manila  strip  and  pass  both  ends  of  the  colored 
strip  between  them.  Draw  the  colored  strip  through  as  far  as 
possible.  Change  the  work  from  the  left  to  the  right  hand  and  hold 
it  firmly  between  the  first  and  second  fingers.  Take  the  open  end 
of  another  colored  strip  between  the  thumb  and  first  finger  of  the 
left  hand.  Open  the  ends  of  this  strip  and  place  the  outside  Manila 
strip  between  them.  Close  the  ends  of  the  colored  strip.  With 
the  thumb  of  the  right  hand  open  the  inside  Manila  strip  and  pass 
the  ends  of  the  colored  strip  between.  Draw  the  colored  strip 
through  as  far  as  possible.     Take  the  open  ends  of  a  Manila  strip 

25 


I  ml  II  s  I  r  ia  1   Work 

\w  each  hand  and  draw  the  work  as  ti*^ht  as  possible.  I^se  a  very 
little  paste  to  fasten  tlie  colored  strips  and  cut  them  off  close  to  the 
edge  of  the  bookmark.  Point  the  ends  of  the  Manila  strips  and 
the  work  is  finished. 

This  little  bookmark  should  be  made  over  and  over  a,t^ain  until 
the  children  can  make  it  easily  without  direction  or  help  from  the 
teacher. 

If  this  first  step  is  thoroughly  taught,  all  the  other  paper  articles 
are  easily  made,  but  if  left  too  soon  the  work  seems  difficult  and 
unsatisfactory. 

i8.     Long  Bookmark 

Material — Two   colored    strips    14  inches   long   and    four   Manila 
strips  8  inches  long. 
Make  this  exactly  like  the  small  bookmark  and  weave  in  two 
more  Manila  strips.     Paste  and  finish  the  same  as  before. 


19.     Napkin  Ring 

Materia/— Two  Alanila  strips  16  inches  long  and  six  colored  strips 
10  inches  long. 
Weave  the  same  as  the  bookmark,  using  six  weavers.  Place 
the  work  on  the  desk  with  the  Manila  strips  in  a  vertical  position. 
Fold  upward  and  crease  the  first  row  of  squares.  Fold  upward 
and  crease  the  second  row  of  squares,  and  so  on  until  all  the  rows 
have  been  folded  and  creased.  Fasten  the  ends  of  the  weavers, 
with  a  little  paste,  to  the  edges  of  the  squares  and  cut  them  off. 
Place  the  ends  of  the  work  together  and  weave  in  the  Manila  strips. 
Let  the  children  take  the  napkin  rings  home  and  use  them.  This 
will  show  the  necessity  for  more  substantial  material. 

26 


Firs  t   ]  > a  r    Work 


20.    Mat 

Material —  Six  Manila  strips  20  inches  long  and  six  colored  strips 
20  inches  long. 
Take  two  colored  strips  and  weave  in  six  Manila  strips  the 
same  as  in  the  napkin  ring.  Place  the  work  on  the  desk,  with  the 
colored  strips  in  a  horizontal  position.  Draw  down  the  folded 
ends  of  the  three  Manila  strips  and  Aveave  in  the  four  colored 
strips,  beginning  at  the  right  with  the  third  strip,  and  at  the 
left  with  the  fourth  strip.  Draw  the  work  as  tight  as  possible  by 
pulling  the  open  ends  of  each  pair  of  weavers.     Place  the  work  on 


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Examples  of  right  and  left  iveai'iitg 
27 


I  mi  II  s  I  r  i  it  I   Work 

the  tlcsk.  Separate  the  ends  of  the  lower  rij^'ht  strip.  Fold,  erease, 
and  eiit  elose  to  the  edge  of  tlie  mat  the  upper  half  of  this  strip. 
Point  the  end  of  the  other  half  of  the  strip  and  weave  it  in,  being 
eareful  that  it  is  on  top  of  the  one  just  cut  off.  Finish  each  strip 
in  the  same  \va\". 

21.     Pencil  Box 

Material — Two  Manila  strips  40  inches  long  and  sixteen  colored 
stri})S  20  inches  long. 

Make  this  the  same  as  the  bookmark,  weaving  in  sixteen  col- 
ored strips.  Draw  the  work  as  tight  as  possible  and  place  it  upon 
the  desk  Avith  the  Manila  strips  in  a  horizontal  position.  Fasten 
the  upper  strips  with  paste  and  cut  them  off.  This  makes  the  top 
of  the  box.  Fold  the  ends  of  the  lower  strips  upward  and  crease 
them  close  to  the  edge  of  the  work.  Fold  the  horizontal  strips  in 
the  same  way  and  crease  them.  Turn  the  work,  placing  the  two 
Manila  strips  in  a  vertical  position.  Fold  upward  and  crease 
the  first  two  rows  of  squares.  Fold  upward  and  crease  the  next 
six  rows  of  squares.  Fold  and  crease  the  next  two  rows  of 
squares.  Place  the  ends  of  the  work  close  together  and  weave  in 
the  Manila  strips  far  enough  to  make  it  firm.  Weave  the  bottom 
of  the  box  just  as  you  would  a  bookmark,  weaving  the  side  strips 
into  the  horizontal  ones.  Cut  the  ends  the  right  length  and 
weave  them  in. 

After  these  articles  have  been  made  the  children  will  be  able 
to  do  original  work,  and  it  is  very  desirable  that  this  should  be 
done.  They  can  niake  toothpick  holders,  sachet  bags,  boxes  of 
different  shapes,  picture  frames,  foot-rules,  and  many  other  useful 
articles  with  very  little  direction.  Encourage  the  use  of  the  articles 
made,  both  at  home  and  in  school,  and  whenever  a  need  is  felt 
always  try  and  suppl}'  it  by  making  instead  of  purchasing  the 
object. 

2S 


F i  r 5  /   1  ^e cir    IVo  r  k 

Gexeral  Work 

Tell  stories  of  Eskimo  life,  and  have  an  Eskimo  house  built. 

Dress  an  Eskimo  doll. 

Encourage  the  boys  to  make  sledges  at  home. 

Continue  cutting  from  poses  and  stories. 

Plav  Eskimo  games  and  have  cuttings  made  from  them. 


jfcbruarp 

There's  a  wonderful  weaver 

High  up  in  the  air, 
And  he  weaves  a  white  mantle 

For  cold  earth  to  wear. 
With  the  wind  for  his  shuttle, 

The  cloud  for  his  loom. 
How  he  weaves,  how  he  weaves. 

In  the  light,  in  the  gloom. 
— From  "A    W'oiith'rfitl   Weaver'''  by  George  Cooper. 

"Action  is  the  key-note  to  habit  and  character." 

The  greatest  mistake  in  education  consists  in  shutting  children  away 
from  nature,  and  in  trj-ing  to  teach  them  almost  entirelv  from  books. 

—John  Deivey. 

22.     Holder 

Material — Double-fold  Germantown  yarn. 

Size,  6x6  inches  and  made  upon  a  strawboard  loom  8  x  <S  inches. 

The  warp  and  woof  of  these  holders  should  be  of  the  .same 
material  and  of  the  same  color. 

To  prepare  the  loom,  draw  a  line  i  inch  down  from  the  top 
parallel  to  the  top;  also  draw  a  line  i  inch  up  from  the  bottom 
parallel  to  the  bottom.  Beginning  i  inch  from  the  right  side  make 
dots  ]/>.  of  an  inch  apart  upon  these  lines,  thirteen  on  each  line. 

29 


J  11(1  II  s  I  r  i  ci  I   Jfor/c 


Make  a    Imlc    tliroii;^'!!    each    dot    wilh    a  small    ])uncli   or   a   lar^e 
darninu-  needle.      JM-oiii  the  back  of  the  loom.  ])nt  a  knittin*^  needle 
through  the  hole  in  the  u]:)per  right  eorner.     Bring  this  across  the 
^  front  of  the  loom   and   put  it  through 

the  hole  in  the  lower  right  corner. 
Repeat  on  op])osite  side.  These  nee- 
dles will  hold  the  yarn  in  place  and 
pre\-ent  its  being  drawn  towards  the 
center  of  the  holder. 

To  string  the  loom,  take  a  piece  of 
Germantown  yarn  90  inches  long. 
Thread  it  in  a  large  darning  needle. 
From  the  back  of  the  loom  put  the 
needle  through  the  fifth  hole  from  the 
right  side  at  the  top,  back  through 
the  fourth  hole,  then  through  the  third 
hole  t(^  the  front  and  back  through  the 
second  hole.  (This  sewing  back  and 
forth  prevents  having  a  knot  at  the 
beginning.)  Now  thread  through  the 
first  hole  from  the  back,  directly  over 
the  knitting  needle,  straight  across  to 
first  hole  at  the  bottom,  back  through 
the  second  hole  at  the  bottom,  and 
straight  across  to  the  second  hole  at  the 
top.  Proceed  in  this  way  until  all  of 
the  holes  are  filled.  After  weaving 
over  the  needle  at  the  left  fasten  the  end  of  the  warp  by  sewing 
back  and  I'orth  the  same  as  at  the  beginning. 

Now  thread  the  yarn  in  a  weaving  needle.    Begin  at  the  upper 
right  corner,  count  four  threads  to  the  left  and  place  the  needle 


and  JioUicr 


F  i  r  st   J  'c  a  7'    J  J  \^  r  k 

under  the  fourth  thread,  over  the  third,  under  the  second,  and 
over  the  knitting  needle  and  first  thread.  Pull  the  yarn  through 
to  the  right,  leaving  about  i  inch  of  the  woof.  Put  the  needle 
back  under  the  rod  and  second  thread  so  that  the  woof  will  be 
under  and  over  the  same  threads  as  the  one  inch  with  which 
you  began  the  weaving.  Proceed  in  this  way,  weaving  over  one 
thread  and  under  one.  Tie  with  small  knot  to  the  next  piece. 
Continue  weaving  until  the  warp  is  full.  Fasten  the  end  by  sew- 
inof  back  and  forth  and  cut  the  holder  from  the  loom. 
One  pound  of  yarn  will  make  thirty-six  holders. 

23.     Valentines 
Material —  Heavy  paper. 

No.  I.  Take  an  oblong  of  heavy  paper  8x4  inches.  Place  on 
the  desk  with  long  edges  in  a  horizontal  position.  On  a  line  2 
inches  from  the  right  edge  fold  the  paper  toward  the  center  and 
crease  it.  Repeat  on  the  left  edge.  In  the  center  of  the  square 
thus  forined,  paste  a  small  picture.  Fold  the  oblongs  over  the 
picture  and  join  them  with  a  flower  or  head.     Decorate  with  gilt. 

No.  2.  Take  an  oblong  9x5  inches.  Fold  the  two  short  edges 
so  as  to  meet  in  the  center  of  the  oblong.  Cut  in  the  form  of  a 
heart.  The  two  halves  of  the  heart  will  form  the  cover.  Open 
the  back  of  the  heart  and  write  .something  appropriate  to  the 
season.     Gild  the  edges  and  fasten  together. 

]'aleiiti)ic  Eni'clopcs.  Take  an  8-inch  square  of  paper.  Fold  the 
corners  to  the  center.  Paste  a  i-inch  circle  upon  three  of  the  cor- 
ners, leaving  the  other  corner  to  open.  Tuck  this  corner  behind 
the  circle  to  close  the  envelope. 

24.     George  Washington   Hat 
Take  an  8-inch  square  of  heavy  paper.     Fold  the  lower  edge  to 
meet  the  upper.     Turn  until  the  crease  is  at  the  right.      Without 

31 


I  ml  It  s  I  r  i  ii  /   Work 

/III /'(>/( f 1 1/^>^\  fold  lower  cdi^'c  to  meet  the  upper.  r\)ld  upper  left  eorner 
down  to  the  lower  rii^'ht  eorner.  Now  trd<e  t/irrc  of  the  eorners  that 
were  folded  down  from  the  upper  left  eorner  and  fold  underneath 
to  the  lower  ri^ht  eorner.  Plaee  the  fingers  between  the  diagonals 
of  the  s([uare  and  open  for  the  hat. 

General  Work 

Tell  the  story  of  "The  Cherry  Tree"  and  have  it  represented  by 
eutting-.s  and  with  water  colors. 

Tell  many  stories  of  Washington  and  Lincoln  and  have  them  repre- 
sented in  different  ways. 

The  industrial  work  should  always  be  closely  related  to  the  work  of 
the  day  and  month,  and  it  is  of  vital  interest  because  of  this  relation- 
ship. 

O  March  that  blusters,  and  March  that  blows, 

What  color  under  your  footstep  grows  ? 
Beauty  5'ou  summon  from  winter's  snows 

And  3'ou  are  the  pathway  that  leads  to  the  rose. 

— From  "Marc/i''  bv  Celia  I'Jia.xtc)-. 


WAITING   TO    GROW 

Little  white  snowdrop  just  waking  up, 
Violet,  daisy,  and  sweet  buttercup  ! 

Think  of  the  flowers  that  are  under  the  snow, 
Waiting  to  grow ! 

And  think  what  hosts  of  queer  little  seeds, 

Of  flowers  and  mosses,  and  ferns  and  weeds. 

Are  under  the  leaves,  and  under  the  snow, 
Waiting  to  UTow ! 


First   Year    Jf\ir/c 

Think  of  the  roots  getting"  ready  to  sprout, 
Reaching  their  slender  brown  fingers  about, 

Under  the  ice,  and  the  leaves,  and  the  snow. 
Waiting  to  grow  ! 

Only  a  month  or  a  few  weeks  more. 

Will  they  have  to  wait  behind  that  door; 

Listen  and  watch,  for  they  are  below — • 
Waiting  to  grow  ! 

Nothing  so  small,  or  hidden  so  well. 

That  God  will  not  find  it,  and  very  soon  tell 

His  sun  where  to  shine,  and  his  rain  where  to  go 

To  help  them  to  grow  !  -Fra;d'  French. 

The  child  who  emph^ys  his  hands  intelligently  in  the  schoolroom, 
in  due  proportion  is  satisfying  one  of  the  most  powerful  interests 
within  him.  He  is  cheerful,  he  is  a  picture  of  health,  and  his  best 
emotions  and  impulses  are  easily  kept  active. 

— John  Dewey. 

25.     Windmill 

Materia! —  Drawing  paper. 

Draw  and  cut  a  6-inch  square.  Fold  the  lower  left  corner  to 
meet  the  upper  right  corner.  Crease.  L'nfold.  Fold  the  lower 
right  corner  to  meet  the  upper  left  corner.  Crease.  Unfold.  In 
the  center  of  the  square  draw  a  circle  with  a  ^'i-inch  radius.  Cut 
on  the  crease  from  each  corner  to  the  circle.  Turn  every  other 
point  to  the  center.  Place  a  pin  through  the  four  points  and  also 
through  the  center  of  the  circle.  Cut  from  heavy  cardboard  an 
oblong  7  inches  by  y^  of  an  inch.  Use  this  oblong  for  the  handle 
of  the  windmill  and  fasten  it  to  a  stick  or  the  corner  of  the  desk. 

26.     Carpet-Yarn  Rug  No.  i 

This  rug  is  to  be  made  upon  a  9X  12-inch  wooden  loom. 
To  string  the  loom,  fasten  the  carpet  warp  around  two  or  three 
teeth  of  the  loom,  so  as  not  to  tie  a  knot.     Place  the  first  thread 

''  33 


J II J II si r  id  I   Work 


-•,1,    jr  "*-^-         ■    ^JT'-    111     '*":*iL.  ■■.■■;'.«ej^— ^4*ir™ 


sss 


of  the  warp  directly  over  the 
rod  at  the  ri^^ht  side.  String- 
back  and  forth  until  the  rod  at 
the  left  side  is  reached.  String 
directly  over  this  rod  and 
fasten  the  end  by  winding 
several  times  around  the  teeth 
of  the  loom.  Take  a  piece  of 
the  Avoof  about  2  yards  long. 
Thread  this  into  a  weaving 
needle.  Begin  at  the  upper 
right  corner.  Count  four 
threads  to  the  left,  and  place 
the  needle  under  the  fourth 
thread,  over  the  third,  under 
the  second,  and  over  the  rod 
and  first  thread,  using  the  rod 
and  first  thread  as  one  thread. 
Pull  the  needle  through  to  the 
right,  leaving  about  i  inch  of 
the  woof.  Put  the  needle  back  under  the  rod  and  second  thread, 
so  that  the  woof  will  be  under  and  over  the  same  threads  as 
the  I  inch  with  which  we  began  the  weaving. 

Proceed  in  this  Avay,  weaving  under  one  thread  and  over  one 
until  the  woof  is  used.  In  joining  the  woof  do  not  tie  a  knot,  but 
lap  the  woof  about  an  inch,  being  careful  to  \)\\\.  it  under  and  over 
the  same  threads  as  the  end  of  the  woof.  This  will  give  a  smooth 
appearance  to  the  rug.  In  weaving  narrow  stripes  it  is  of  the 
utmost  importance  to  start  the  stripe  as  suggested  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  weaving,  otherwise  the  effect  will  be  wrong.  Weave 
about  1  inch  of  the  body  color,  then  use  two  colors  for  the  border. 


-L4 


A  carpet-yarii  nig 


34 


First   Year    ]]\irk 


Weave  the  body  of  the  rug  until  you  are  ready  for  the  border  at 
the  opposite  end.  Weave  the  margin  and  border  to  match  the 
beginning  of  the  rug,  and  finish  the  weaving  near  the  border. 
Slip  the  rug  off  the  teeth  of  the  loom.  Fasten  the  ends  by  sewing 
in  and  out  on  the  ends  of  the  rug.  Push  the  weaving  towards  the 
ends  of  the  rug,  to  cover  the  warp  where  it  Avas  strung  over  the 
teeth  of  the  loom,  and  the  rug  is  finished. 

27.     Carpet-Yarn  Rug  No.  2 

String  the  loom  with  carpet  warp.  Thread  the  weaving  needle 
with  light  green  carpet  yarn.  Across  the  end  weave  a  border  i  ^4 
inches  wide.  Now  thread  the  needle  with  dark  green  carpet  yarn. 
Beginning  xVi  inches  from  right  side,  directly  under  the  border 
of  light  green,  weave  with  the 
dark  green  until  within  1 1_.  inches 
from  the  left  side.  Keeping  this 
width,  weave  until  you  are  i  ^ 
inches  from  the  bottom  of  the  rug. 
Now  with  light  green  begin  at 
upper  right  corner  and  weave 
until  you  reach  the  warp  thread 
that  has  the  dark  green  panel. 
Turn  back  upon  the  same  thread 
that  the  dark  green  turned  on  and 
weave,  with  lio-ht  green  at  side, 
as  many  rows  as  there  are  rows 
in  the  panel.  Weave  in  the  same 
way  upon  the  left  side.  Now 
weave  a  i  V^-inch  border  of  light 
green  across  the  end  and  you  will 
have   a   rug  with   center  of   dark  .4  carpet-yarn  rug 


JD 


Industrial   Work 

green,  with   a  border  of  light  green    i  Vi   inehes  wide  all  around 
the  rug. 

A  rusr  made  the  same  as  the  above,  with  dark  red  border  and 
panel  of  dark  green,  was  mueh  admired. 


28.     Borders  for  Rugs 


Body  color  dark  ^ii'rooii 

BORDER 

2  rows  of  tan 

2  rows  of  dark  green 

7  rows  of  tan 

2  rows  of  dark  green 

7  rows  of  tan 

2  rows  of  dark  green 

2  rows  of  tan 

Body  color  dark  blue 


Body  color  dark  blue 


KORDKR 


6  rows  o 
I  row  of 
1  row  of 
I  row  of 
I  row  of 
I  row  of 
I  row  of 
I  row  of 
6  rows 


f  light  blue 
dark  blue 
light  blue 
dark  blue 
light  blue 
dark  blue 
light  blue 
dark  blue 
f  liii'ht  blue 


2  rows 
2  rows 
4  rows 
2  rows 
2  rows 
4  rows 
2  rows 
2  rows 
4  rows 
2  rows 
2  rows 


of  tan 
of  blue 
of  tan 
of  blue 
of  tan 
of  blue 
of  tan 
of  blue 
of  tan 
of  blue 
of  tan 


Body  color  dark  red 

BORDER 

8  rows  of  light  red 
I  row  of  dark  red 
I  row  of  light  red 
I  row  of  dark  red 
8  rows  of  liuht  red 


General  Work 


Have  the  children  plant  peas,  beans,  and  morning-glory  seeds  in 
the  window  boxes  and  in  sawdust.  Watch  these  seeds,  and  talk  of 
the  chancjes. 


36 


First   Year    Work 

Bring  in  twigs  of  different  kinds,  and  learn  their  secrets  by  seeing 
them  develop. 

Let  the  children  make  cuttings  of  the  twigs  in  different  stages  of 
development,  and  represent  them  with  water  colors. 

Make  kites  and  pin-wheels  of  different  kinds,  and  let  the  children 
use  them. 

Have  the  children  cut  different  things  they  have  seen  the  wind  do. 

Let  them  prepare  a  farm  (on  the  sand  table)  for  spring  seed  planting. 

Read  little  poems,  and  have  cuttings  made  from  them. 

SONG    OF   THE    WIND 

I  am  a  giant  strong  and  bold, 
vSuch  jokes  I  play  on  3"oung  and  old  ; 
But  I  work  hard  from  sun  to  sun, 
And  one  must  have  a  little  fun  ! 

Sometimes  a  boy  I  chance  to  meet, 
I  blow  his  hat  across  the  street, 
Then  toss  the  kite  up  to  the  sky. 
And  help  his  mother's  clothes  to  dry. 

The  flags  I  wave,  the  pin-wheels  turn, 
The  blacksmith's  fire  I  help  to  burn, 
Then  when  it  rains  I  frisk  about, 
And  turn  unibrellas  inside  out. 

I  send  down  leaves  in  golden  showers. 
To  make  warm  blankets  for  the  flowers. 
And  then  again  the  seeds  I  sow, 
I  bring  the  showers  to  make  them  grtnv. 

And  then  I  go  far  out  to  sea. 
Where  many  boats  still  wait  for  me. 
And  when  the  evening  sky  is  red 
I  take  the  fishermen  home  to  bed. 

—  M.  Hcliii   Heck  wit  It. 

37 


Industrial    Work 

Iiircls  on  the  boughs  befcjre  the  buds 

Beo;in  to  l^urst  in  the  spring', 
Bendini^  their  heads  to  the  April  floc^ds, 

Too  mucli  out  of  breath  to  sin.y'. 

()li.  tile  warm,  delicious,  hopeful  rain. 

Let  us  be  i^iad  together. 
.Summer  comes  frying  in  beauty  again 

Through  the  fitful  April  weather. 

— I-'rom  "April."  hy  Cel/n  Tha.xler. 

Handwork  on  the  rocky  farms  of  New  England  has  given  as  much 
of  moral  power,  sturdy  integrity,  and  indomitable  perseverance  as  have 
her  famous  universities.  Follow  the  history  of  any  family,  rich  or 
pocjr,  the  members  of  which  disdain  handwork  for  a  few  generations, 
and  you  find  steady  deterioration.  —Francis  \V.  Parker 

Ofakral  AVork 

Complete  the  carpet-yarn  rug'  beg-un  in  ]March. 

Clean  the  doll's  house  and  make  new  paper  furniture  for  it. 


4  doll's  chair  ami  tabic 


7'^/rs/    Yea  I-    W'ork 

Place  the  carpet-yarn  rugs  upon  the  floors,  being  sure  to  select 
the  ones  that  harmonize  with  the  paper. 

Secure  a  small  plot  of  ground  and  make  it  into  a  garden.  If 
large  enough,  give  each  child  a  portion  of  it,  and  if  not,  give  each 
class,  or  division,  a  portion  of  the  garden.  Plant  vegetable  and 
flower  seeds. 

Take  the  children  to  a  small  brook,  and  let  them  build  a  bridge 
across  it.     Have  them  observe  the  work  of  the  water. 

Make  cuttings  and  drawings  from  poems,  as : 

RAIX 

The  rain  is  raining  all  around, 

It  falls  on  field  and  tree, 
It  rains  on  the  lunbrellas  here, 

xVnd  on  the  ships  at  sea. 

—  Robert  Loin's  Stciunsoii. 

THE    SWING 

How  do  yon  like  to  go  up  in  a  swing, 

Up  in  the  air  so  blue  ? 
Oh,  I  do  think  it  the  pleasantest  thing 

Ever  a  cliild  can  do  ! 

Up  in  the  air  and  over  the  wall, 

Till  I  can  see  so  wide, 
Rivers  and  trees  and  cattle  and  all 

( )ver  the  countryside. 

Till  1  look  down  on  the  garden  green, 

Down  on  the  roof  so  brown, 
Up  in  the  air  I  go  flying  again. 

Up  in  the  air  and  down  ! 

—  Rohiil  Lon/s  S/rTiitso/i. 

Make  cuttings  to  tell  tlic  stories  of  games,  as  :  playing  marbles, 
flying  kites,  and  jnmping  rope. 

Represent  the  twigs  and  flowers  with  water  colors. 

39 


I inJ n s I ria I   ]\'ork 

(iood-nioniin.i;',  sweet  i\pril, 

vSo  winsome  and  shy, 
\\\\.\\  a  smile  on  your  li]) 

And  a  tear  in  your  eye  ; 
There  are  pretty  hcpatieas 

Hid  in  your  hair, 
And  bonny  blue  violets 

CUisterini'"  there." 


af^ap  and  ijunc 


Merry,  rollicking,  frolicking-  Ma}- 

Into  the  woods  came  skipping-  one  day  ; 

She  teased  the  brook  till  he  laughed  outright, 

And  gurgled  and  scolded  with  all  his  might ; 

She  chirped  to  the  birds  and  bade  them  sing 

A  chorus  of  welcome  to  Lady  Spring  ; 

And  the  bees  and  butterflies  she  set 

To  waking  the  flowers  that  were  sleeping  yet, 

She  shook  the  trees  till  the  buds  looked  out 

To  see  what  the  troiible  was  all  about ; 

And  nothing  in  nature  escaped  that  day 

The  touch  of  the  life-giving,  bright  young  May. 

—  George  Mac  Donald. 


Nothing  intensifies  interest  so  much  as  to  endeavor  to  do  a  thing 
yourself  :  nothing  arouses  attention  and  clear  observation  like  hand- 
work in  all  the  arts  and  crafts. 

—  Francis   W.  Parlcc)-. 


No  one  kind  of  handwork  or  material  is  broad  enough  in  its  possi- 
bilities to  adequately  express  even  in  a  meager  way  the  varied  interests 
of  school  and  out-of-school  life,  of  boy  and  of  girl  nature. 

—  C.  R.  Richards. 

40 


First   Year    U^ork 

29.     May  Basket 
Ma/c)-ial —  Heavy  paper. 

Cut  an  8-inch  square.  Measure  3  inches  from  each  corner  and 
make  a  dot.  Beginning  at  first  dot  at  the  right  of  the  upper  left 
corner,  number  them  1,2.3, 
4,  5,  6,  7,  8.  Connect  with 
straight  lines  as  follows: 
1-8,  2-7,  3-6,  4-5.  Also 
connect  2-3,  1-4,  8-5,  y-G. 
Crease  all  lines.  Cover 
the  four  small  triangles 
with  paste  and  fold  each 
one  in  the  center  so  that 
point  I  touches  point  2,  3  • 
touches  4,  5  touches  6,  and 
7  touches  8,  forming  the 
four  corners  of  the  basket. 
Fold  the  .small  triangle  on 
the  outside  of  each  corner  to  the  side  of  the  basket  and  paste  it. 
Bend  the  four  large  triangles  outward  for  ornament  for  the  basket. 
Cut  handle  8  x  }4.  inches  and  paste  inside  of  the  basket. 

30.     Silkoline  Rug 

This  rug  is  to  be  made  upon  a  qx  12-inch  wooden  loom.  String 
the  loom  with  carpet  warp  the  same  as  for  the  carpet-yarn  rug. 
For  the  woof  use  silkoline  instead  of  carpet  yarn.  Cut  the  silko- 
line in  bias  strips  ^  of  an  inch  wide.  Fringe  the  strips  by  draw- 
ing them  through  the  hands.  Take  great  care  to  select  colors  that 
harmonize  well.  Thread  the  weaving  needle  with  the  silkoline 
and  weave  the  same  as  for  the  carpet-yarn  rug.  INIake  some  of 
these  rugs  with  plain  borders,  using  the  figured  for  the  centers. 


A  May  basket 


4^ 


I II  (/ II  s  I r  i Li  I    Work 

Make  others  usin^;'  the  lij^'u red  for  the  entire  rui;',  and  still  others 
with  Hj^ht-fi^y^ured  panel  for  the  eenter  and  dark-lij^ured  border 
around  the  entire  rn<4".  \'ou  ean  \-ary  the  pattern  as  mueh  in  the 
silkoline  rut4's  as  in  the  earpet-yarn  rni^s. 


(il-.XKkAI.   W(  >kK 

Continue  the  illustration  of  sprin.i^"  poems  and  stories  1)_\-  cutting, 
drawing,  and  water-color  work. 

Watch  the  growth  of  the  plants  and  leaves,  and  represent  the 
changes  in  different  ways. 

Tell  stories  of  the  farm  and  let  the  children  cut  chickens,  lambs, 
and  other  animals. 

Encourage  the  making  of  chicken  coops,  ladders  for  plants,  and 
fences  of  different  kinds. 

The  school  garden  should  receive  careful  attention,  and  all  the 
work  sh.ould  be  done  by  tlie  pupils 


5ul^i 


When  the  scarlet  cardinal  tells 

Her  dream  to  the  dragon  fly, 
And  the  lazy  breeze  makes  a  nest  in  the  trees. 

And  murmurs  a  lullaby, 
It  is  July. 

When  the  tangled  cobweb  pulls 

The  cornflower's  cap  awry. 
And  the  lilies  tall  lean  over  the  wall 

To  bow  to  the  butterflv. 
It  is  July 

42 


Firs^    )'ccfr    JTor/,- 

When  the  heat  like  a  mist  veil  floats, 

And  poppies  flame  in  the  lye. 
And  the  silver  note  in  the  streamlet's  throat 

Has  softened  almost  to  a  sigh, 
It  is  July. 


When  the  hours  are  so  still  that  time 

Forgets  them,  and  lets  them  lie 
"Neath  petals  pink  till  the  night  stars  wink 
At  the  sunset  in  the  sky, 
It  is  July. 

—  Si^sa//  Hartley  S\ 


■•//. 


43 


Doll's  bed  blankets 

(See  Lesson  39,  page  54) 


SECOND  YEAR   WORK 


J»cptniiticr 

The  hills  are  bright  with  maples  yet ; 

But  down  the  level  land 
The  beech  leaves  rustle  in  the  wind 

As  dry  and  brown  as  sand. 

The  pigeons  in  black  wavering  lines 

Are  swinging  toward  the  sun  ; 
And  all  the  wide  and  withered  fields 

Proclaim  the  summer  done. 

His  store  of  nuts  and  acorns  now 

The  squirrel  hastes  to  gain, 
And  sets  his  house  in  order  for 

The  winter's  dreary  reign. 

— From  '' Faded  Leaves  "  by  Alice  Cary. 

In  manual  training  there  are  the  best  lessons  imaginable  in  form, 
geometry,  and  practical  arithmetic.  Manual  training  is  primary  logic, 
so  much  needed  in  speech  and  writing.  Manual  training  trains  the 
will  by  persistent  effort,  stimulates  the  critical 
faculty,  and,  above  all,  develops  ethical  motive. 

— Fra/in's  II \  Parker. 

31.     Seed  Box 

Make  large  seed  boxes  of  heavy  ]\Ianila 
paper  and  place  four  small  boxes  in  each 
large  one.  (See  directions  for  making,  Sep- 
tember, First  Year  Work.)  ]\Iake  a  cover 
for  each  large  box  and  labels  for  the  divi- 
sions, or  small  boxes.  Seed  envelope 


75 


I  ml  II  s  I  r  i  a  I   Work 


32.     Seed  Envelope 

Material  —  Manila  ])a])er. 

Draw  and  cnt  an  oblons^"  6'/]  x  5_|/( 
inches.  Place  the  shorter  edj^es  in  a 
horizontal  position.  Draw  a  line  \]/, 
inches  from,  and  parallel  to,  the  left 
edge.  Draw  a  line  i  'j  inches  from,  and 
parallel  to,  the  right  edge.  Also  draw 
lines  I  inch  from  the  top  and  ]',  inch 
from  the  bottom  parallel  to  the  top  and 
l3ottom.  Cut  out  the  small  c^blong  in 
each  of  the  four  corners.  Fold  up  the 
oblono-  at  the 


Chinese  leiiiterij 


bottom.  Fold 
the  right  ob- 
long over  the 
left  and  paste;  also  paste  the  small  oblong 
across  the  bottom.  Curve  the  upper 
oblong  and  fold  over  to  form  the  flap  of 
the  envelope.      Label  these  envelopes. 

22-     Chinese  Lanterns 

Material  —  Bright  colored  folding  paper. 

Decorate  the  paper  by  coloring  it 
in  stained  glass  effects,  or  by  painting- 
sprays  of  autumn  flowers,  long  grasses, 
or  twigs  upon  it  with  water  colors.  (For 
making,  see  October,  First  Year  Work.) 

These  lanterns  are  very  pretty  and 
attractive  if  made  in  different  sizes  and 
colors  and  decorated  artisticallv. 


Chinese  lantern 


> 


Seco  n  d   J  'ca  r    1 1  'o  r  k 

(tEXeral  Work 

Review  the  double  paper  weaving  {see  January,  First  Year  Work), 
and  make  seed  boxes  of  different  sizes,  peck  and  bushel  baskets,  bins 
for  the  cellar,  and  boxes  for  the  corn  and  grain. 

Collect  seeds  .of  all  kinds  from  the  school  garden,  adjacent  fields, 
and  parks,  and  place  them  in  the  boxes  and  envelopes.  Label  each, 
and  put  it  away  for  future  use. 

Collect  autumn  leaves  and  mount  them  upon  cardboard  for  sense- 
training  and  decoration. 

Represent  the  fall  landscaDc.  flowers,  and  foliage  with  water  colors. 

]*Iodel  vegetables  and  fruits  m  clay,  and  represent  them  with  water 
colors. 

Illustrate  autumn  poetry  by  making  cuttings  and  drawings. 

vSEPTEMBER 

The  golden-rod  is  yellow  ; 

The  corn  is  turning  brown  •, 
The  trees  in  apple  orchards 

With  fruit  are  bending  down. 

The  gentian's  bluest  fringes 

Are  curling  in  the  sun  ; 
In  dusty  pods  the  milkweed 

Its  hidden  silk  has  spun. 

The  sedges  flaunt  their  harvest 

In  every  meadow  nook  ; 
And  asters  by  the  brookside 

Make  asters  in  the  brook. 

From  dewy  lanes  at  morning 

The  grapes'  sweet  odors  rise; 
At  noon,  the  roads  all  flutter 

AVith  yellow  butterflies. 

47 


/  //  d  It  s  trial   I  I'o  r  k 

By  all  these  lovely  tokens 

.September  days  are  here, 
With  wSummer's  best  of  weather, 

And  Autumn's  best  of  cheer. 

— Helen  J /it /if  Jackson. 

<DctoiJcr 

THE  CORN  SONG 

Heap  high  the  farmer's  wintry  hoard  ! 

Heap  high  the  golden  corn  ! 
No  richer  gift  has  autumn  poured 

From  out  her  lavish  horn  ! 

Let  other  lands,  exulting,  glean 

The  apple  from  the  pine, 
The  orange  from  its  glossy  green, 

The  cluster  from  the  vine  ; 

We  better  love  the  hardy  gift 

Our  ragged  vales  bestow. 
To  cheer  us  when  the  storm  shall  drift 

Our  harvest  fields  with  snow. 

Through  vales  of  grass  and  meads  of  flowers. 

Our  plows  their  furrows  made, 
While  on  the  hills  the  sun  and  showers 

Of  changeful  April  played. 

We  dropped  the  seed  o'er  hill  and  plain, 

Beneath  the  sun  of  May, 
And  frightened  from  our  sprouting  grain 

The  robber  crows  away. 

All  through  the  long,  bright  days  of  June 

Its  leaves  grew  green  and  fair, 
And  waved  in  hot  midsummer's  noon 

Its  soft  and  yellow  hair. 

48 


Second   Year    W'ork 

And  now,  with  autumn's  moonlit  eves, 

Its  harvest-time  has  come. 
We  phick  away  the  frosted  leaves, 

And  bear  the  treasure  home. 

There,  richer  than  the  fabled  gift 

Apollo  showered  of  old, 
Fair  hands  the  broken  grain  shall  sift. 

And  knead  its  meal  of  gold. 

Let  vapid  idlers  loll  in  silk 

Around  their  costly  board  ; 
Gire  us  the  bowl  of  samp  and  milk. 

By  homespun  beauty  poured  ! 

Where'er  the  wide  old  kitchen  hearth 

vSends  up  its  smoky  curls. 
Who  will  not  thank  the  kindly  earth. 

And  bless  our  farmer  girls  ! 

Then  shame  on  all  the  proud  and  vain. 

Whose  folly  laughs  to  scorn 
The  blessings  of  our  hardy  grain, 

Our  wealth  of  golden  corn  ! 

Let  earth  withhold  her  goodly  root, 

Let  mildew  blight  the  rye, 
Give  to  the  worm  the  orchard's  fruit. 

The  wheat-field  to  the  fly : 

But  let  the  good  old  crop  adorn 

The  hills  our  fathers  trod  ; 
Still  let  us,  for  his  g-olden  corn. 

Send  up  our  thanks  to  God  ! 

—Jolin  G.  U'Jiittur. 

The  best  effect  of  manual  work  is  seen  in  the  moral  power  it  exerts. 
Bodily  occupation  is  everywhere  elevating  and  healthful,  and  morality 
and  religion  are  built  upon  industry. 

—  Clari-iut'  }-'raiikli)i  Carroll. 

4  4g 


I  )i  (I  II  s  I  r  i  Li  I    W'oi'k 


34.     Raffia  Rug-  No.  i 

This  is  made  upon  a  9X  12-inch  wooden  h)om.  Either  rallia  f)r 
carpet  warp  or  twine  mav  be  used  for  the  warp.  Strini^  the  h)om 
the  same  as  for  the  earpet-\-arn  ruj^-,  and  use  the  needle  in  weaving-. 

Weave  al)out  1  inch  of  the  phun  raffia  and  then  use  a  color 
with  the  plain,  for  a  border,  as  follows: 


2  rows  of  red 
2  rows  of  white 
5  rows  of  red 


3  rows  of  white 
I  row  of  red 
•?  rows  of  Avhitc 


5  rows  of  red 
2  rows  of  white 
2  rows  of  red 


A  raffia  ritg 


Now  weave  with  the 
plain  raffia,  until  you  are 
ready  for  the  border,  up(jn 
the  opposite  end  of  the  rug-. 
AVeave  this  to  match  the 
hrst  end.  Slip  the  rug  off 
the  loom.  Push  the  raffia 
up  close  to  the  end  and  the 
rug  is  finished. 

35.     Raffia  Rug  No.  2 

Another  rug,  with  warp 
and  woof  both  of  raffia,  is 
made  l:)y  weaving  a  strip  of 
raffia,  then  weaving  a  bor- 
der of  two  or  three  colors, 
then  the  body  of  the  rug 
of  raffia,  and  the  opposite 
end  to  match  the  first. 

After  taking  this  rug 
from  the  loom  tie  a  fringe 
of  raffia  in  each  end. 


50 


Scconcf   Year    iror/c 

36.  Raffia  Rug  No.  3 

String  the  loom  with  plain  raffia,  then  with  a  eolor  weave  small 
figures  here  and  there,  through  the  entire  rug,  to  represent  straw 
matting.     Fill  in  the  spaces  with  the  plain  raffia. 

37.  Raffia  Rug  No.  4 

AVarp  and  woof  both  of  raffia.  .String  the  loom  with  the  plain 
color,  then  with  several  threads  of  different  colors,  then  the  plain, 
then  the  colored,  finishing  with  the  plain. 

AVeave  in  the  same  order  and  you  will  ha^•e  a  plaid  rug. 


The 


38.     Raffia  Card   Case 

This  maybe  made  upon  a  strawboard  or  a  wooden  loom, 
weaving  when  finished  is  to  be  4I/J;  x  lo'i  inches. 

String  the  loom  vrith  strands  of  raffia  about 
14^  of  an  inch  apart.  The  one  in  the  cut  is 
strung  as  follows  :  5  threads  of  white,  2  of  tan, 
I  of  green,  5  of  white,  i  of  tan,  5  of  white,  2  of 
tan,  I  of  green,  5  of  white.  Weave  the  woof  in 
the  same  order,  until  you  have  the  required 
length.  Face  one  side  with  silk  for  the  lining 
to  the  card  case.  Fold  each  end  over  about  2 
inches  toward  the  center,  and  sew  the  edges 
with  raffia.  This  will  leave  about  i  inch  in  the 
back  where  the  case  is  to  be  folded  together.        .4  raffia  card  case 


f'/"m 

■mM 


General  Work 

Continue   and    enlarge    all    general    lines   of   work    mentioned    for 
October,  First  Year  Work. 


5^ 


f ml li s I r i (.1 1   Work 

(iive  special  atlcntioii  to  the  collection  of  nuts,  seeds,  and  vx'getables. 
Study  the  preparation  of  man  and  animals  for  winter. 
Illustrate  aiitumn  poetry,  as  : 

AUTUMN    FIRES 

In  the  other  gardens 

And  all  up  the  vale, 
From  the  Autumn  bonfires 

See  the  smoke  trail  I 

Pleasant  summer  over, 

And  all  the  summer  flowers  ; 

The  red  fire  blazes, 

The  g'ray  smoke  towers. 

vSing  a  song  of  seasons, 

vSomething  bright  in  all  ! 
Flowers  in  the  summer, 

Fires  in  the  fall. 

—  Robert  Loicis  Stevenson. 

The  loud  winds  are  calling, 

The  ripe  nuts  are  falling. 

The  squirrel  now  gathers  his  store. 

The  bears,  homew'ard  creeping, 

Will  soon  all  be  sleeping, 

vSo  snugly  till  winter  is  o'er. 

— From  "An  Autumn  Sottg,"  hy  Emilie  Poulsson. 

His  store  of  nuts  and  acorns  now 

The  squirrel  hastes  to  gain. 
And  sets  his  house  in  order  for 

The  W'inter's  dreary  reign. 

— Alice  Cary. 

"Barbara  Blue,"  yi//rr  Cary.  "Maize  for  the  Nation's  Emblem," 
Celia  TJiaxtcr.  "  The  Coloring  of  the  Grapes,"  .SVrr^r// iv'.  Z>W/rv/.  "The 
Pumpkin,"/.  C^i .   WJiitticr. 

52 


Second  Ye  a  r   Wo  ?-  k 
l^olJ  ember 

LANDING  OF  THE  PILGRIM  FATHERS 

The  breaking  waves  dashed  high 
On  a  stern  and  rock-bound  coast ; 

And  the  woods  against  a  stormy  sky, 
Their  giant  branches  tossed  : 

And  the  heavy  night  hung  dark, 

The  hills  and  waters  o'er, 
When  a  band  of  exiles  moored  their  bark 

On  the  wild  New  England  shore. 

Not  as  the  conqueror  comes, 

They,  the  true-hearted,  came  ;  — 

Not  with  the  roll  of  the  stirring  drums, 
And  the  trumpet  that  sings  of  fame  ;  — 

Not  as  the  flying  come, 

In  silence,  and  in  fear  ;  — 
They  shook  the  depths  of  the  desert's  gloom 

With  their  hymns  of  lofty  cheer. 

Amidst  the  storm  they  sang, 

And  the  stars  heard,  and  the  sea  ; 

And  the  sounding  aisles  of  the  dim  woods  ranj 
To  the  anthem  of  the  free. 

The  ocean-eagle  soared 

From  his  nest  by  the  white  wave's  foam, 
And  the  rocking  pines  of  the  forest  roared  :  — 

This  was  their  welcome  home. 

There  were  men  with  hoary  hair 

Amidst  that  pilgrim  band  : 
Why  had  they  come  to  winter  there, 

.\\vay  from  their  childhood's  land? 

53 


/  in/  II  s  I  r  i  Li  I   W'ork 

Thcre  was  woman's  fearless  eye, 

Lit  by  her  deep  love's  truth  ; 
There  was  manhood's  brow  serenely  hij^-h, 

And  the  fiery  heart  of  youth. 

Wliat  sought  the}-  tluis  afar? 

Bright  jewels  of  the  mine  ? 
The  wealth  of  seas?     The  spoils  of  war  "- 

They  sought  a  faith's  pure  shrine. 

Ay,  call  it  holy  ground, — 

The  soil  where  first  they  trod  ! 
They  have  left  unstained  what  there  they  found  — 

Freedom  to  worship  God  ! 

— Felicia  Ht'i/ians. 

The  educational  value  which  the  old  copy  book  represents  is  not 
the  important  point,  even  so  must  it  be  in  manual  training  in  what- 
ever form  it  is  introduced.  If  clay  modeling  be  introduced,  the  value 
must  not  be  in  the  object,  the  mere  symbolic  representation  of  the  work 
done,  but  rather  in  the  training  which  the  object  represents,  in  the 
working  not  in  the  work,  in  the  means  not  in  the  end,  in  its  extrinsic 
not  in  its  intrinsic  value.  That  the  child  during  the  work  has  learned 
the  use  of  one  or  two  tools  is  only  an  accidental  result ;  that  he  has  been 
educationally  trained  is  the  essential  point. 

— Richard  G.  Dickson. 


39.     Doll's  Bed  Blanket 

Material — Cream  grav,  tan,  blue  or  ])ink  (Ternian  knitting  yarn. 

(See  illustration,  page  44. ) 

The  warp  and  woof  are  of  the  same  material,  and  the  blanket 
is  woven  upon  the  same  loom  as  the  carpet-yarn  rug,  and  in  the 
same  way. 

vSelect  the  body  color  for  the  blanket  and  string  the  loom  with 
the  same  color. 

54 


Scconc/   Year    //'o//- 

Threacl  the  weaving  needle,  and  weave  about  i  'j  inches,  then 
take  a  color  that  harmonizes  with  the  body  color  and  stripe,  with 
the  body  color,  for  a  border. 

Weave  the  center  nntil  you  are  ready  for  the  border  at  the 
opposite  end.  Make  this  to  match  the  border  at  the  beginning, 
and  finish  the  weaving  near  the  border.  Studv  blankets  for  ideas 
in  striping. 

One  pound  of  yarn  will  make  forty-eight  blankets. 

40.     Borders  for  Blanket 


1  row  of  blue 

2  rows  of  white 

1  row  of  blue 

2  rows  of  white 
I  row  of  blue 


Wliitc  blanket  -with  blue 
2 
5  rows  of  white 
5  rows  of  blue 
3  rows  of  white 
5  rows  of  blue 
q  rows  of  white 


bordt 


1  row  of  blue 

2  rows  of  white 

1  row  of  blue 

2  rows  of  white 
I  row  of  blue 


Gray  blanket  with  border  of  red 
I  2 

8  rows  of  red  2  rows  of  gray 

3  r(jws  of  gray  3  rows  of  red 

2  rows  of  red  3  rows  of  gray 

3  rows  of  gray  2  rows  of  red 

3  rows  of  red  3  rows  of  gray 

2  rows  of  gray  8  rows  of  red 
I  row  of  red 

Blanket  of  pvik  witli  white  border 


6  rows  of  white 

1  row  of  pink 

2  rows  of  white 
I  row  of  pink 

6  rows  of  white 


6  rows  of  pink 
2  rows  of  white 
6  rows  of  ])ink 


6  rows  of  white 
T  row  of  pink 
2  rows  of  white 
1  row  of  ]")ink 
6  rows  of  white 


55 


In  du  s  I  r  i  a  I   11 'o  r  k 
Blaiikcl  of  w/ilti'  with  pink  border 

I  2 

2  rows  of  pink  2  rows  of  white 

2  rows  of  white  .                      4  rows  of  pink 

4  rows  of  pink  2  rows  of  white 

2  rows  of  white  2  rows  of  pink 
I  row  of  pink 

General  AVork 

Review  and  enlarge  the  Indian  and  Pilgrim  work.  (See  suggestions 
for  November,  First  Year  Work,  page  16.) 

Tell  the  story  of  Araehne,  and  interest  the  children  in  the  history 
of  weaving. 

Show  Indian  blankets,  and  let  them  try  to  make  looms  and  weave 
npon  them. 

Do  a  large  amount  of  history  work  at  this  time  and  always  connect 
the  making,  cutting,  and  drawing  with  the  oral  work. 

Collect  and  mount  upon  gray  cardboard  pictures  of  the  Pilgrims, 
as,  "The  Pilgrim  Exiles,"  "John  Alden  and  Priscilla,"  and  "Pilgrims 
Going  to  Church,"  by  George  H.  Boughton. 

SDcfcmlJcr 

THE    CHRISTMAS   MESSAGE 

We  hear  the  Christmas  message 

Brought  to  us  long  ago. 
Why  have  the  centuries  kept  it  fresh  ? 

Why  do  we  prize  it  so  ? 

Because  it  is  rich  with  the  gold  of  love 

That  with  bright,  exhaustless  flow, 
From  unfailing  source  in  the  Heart  Divine, 

Supplies  our  hearts  below 

56 


Second  Year   Work 

And  it  tells  of  the  tender,  human  bond, 

Since  ever  the  world  began, 
For  it  teaches  the  Fatherhood  of  God, 

The  brotherhood  of  man. 

But  how  can  we  carry  the  tidings, 

Make  each  man  as  loving  and  true 
To  the  poor,  the  oppressed,  and  the  lowly, 

As  they  are  to  me  and  to  you  ? 

Let  them  shine  in  thought  and  word  and  deed, 

As  we  work  out  the  heavenly  plan ; 
And,  blessed  by  the  Fatherhood  of  God, 

Prove  the  brotherhood  of  man. 

—  fane  Andrews. 


I  heard  the  bells  on  Christmas  Day 
Their  old  familiar  carols  play, 

And  wild  and  sweet 

The  words  repeat, 
Of  "  Peace  on  earth,  good-will  to  men." 
-From  ''Christmas  Bells  "  by  Henry  Wadsivorth  Longfellow 


What  means  that  star,"  the  shepherds  said, 

"  That  brightens  through  the  rocky  glen  ?" 
And  angels  answering  overhead, 

Sang  "  Peace  on  earth,  good-will  to  men." 
— From  "A  Christmas  Carol,''  by  James  Rttssell  Lowell. 


The  basis  of  citizenship  is,  first,  constructive  activity,  and  secondly 
and  above  all,  creative  activity.  The  child  when  trained  to  create  is 
trained  to  think  and  to  explore'all  the  questions  of  the  past  and  present. 
The  simple  creation  in  the  primary  school  and  kindergarten  means 
opening  the  way  of  liberty  into  personal  freedom. 

—  Francis  1 1'.  Parker. 

57 


I  ml  II  s  I  r  i  a  I    Work 


41.     Circle  Marker 

Material —  Strawboard. 

Draw  and  cut  an  oblong  <S  x  1  inches.  On  the  longer  sides 
place  dots  1  inch  apart,  beginning  '..  of  an  inch  from  each  end. 
Connect  the  dots  by  straight  lines.  Bisect  each  line  except  the 
first,     l^mch  through  each  bisection  with  a  small  punch. 

To  draw  a  2-inch  circle  place  a  pin  through  the  first  point. 
Place  the  pencil  point  through  the  perforation,  i  inch  from  the 
pin,  and  use  the  pin  as  a  pivot.     Draw  the  circle. 

42.     Hexagonal  Box 

Material — Folding  paper  or  cardboard,  S  x  8  inches. 

Draw  a  circle  having  a  2-inch  radius  with  the  circle  marker. 
Divide  the  circumference  into  six  equal  parts.     From  these  points 

construct  a  hexagon.  Number  these 
points  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6.  Join  with  a  rule  the 
points  I  and  3.  extending  the  line  i  }^ 
inches  beyond  the  points.  Draw  corres- 
ponding lines  from  points  2  and  4,  3  and 
5,  4  and  6,  5  and  1,  6  and  2.  Beginning 
at  I  connect  the  extended  lines  i  and  2. 
forming  an  oblong.  In  the  same  way 
connect  lines  2  and  3,  3  and  4,  4  and  5,  5 
and  6,  and  6  and  1 .  Connect  the  outer 
corners  of  the  oblongs,  forming  six  trian- 
gles, and  use  a  part  of  each  triangle  as  a  paste  flap.  Crease  the 
edges  of  the  hexagon  and  the  edge  to  be  turned  for  a  paste  flap. 
Cut  awav  the  parts  of  the  triangles  not  used  as  paste  flaps ;  also 
cut  around  the  outer  edges  of  the  oblongs.  Turn  the  sides  up 
and  paste  them.  If  desired,  the  corners  may  be  tied  with  narrow 
ribbon  or  sewed  totrether  with  worsted. 


Hcxuiioiiiil  biKx 


5S 


.S'  e  c  ond   J  ^e  a  r    J I  'o  r  Jc 

Make  the  cover  of  the  box  in  the  same 
way,  only  extend  the  lines  ^  inch  beyond 
the  points,  and  make  the  top  of  the  box  ]/% 
of  an  inch  larger  than  the  bottom.  Or  the 
cx)ver  may  be  made  without 
the  sides.      (See  illustration.) 


43.     Shaving-Paper  Star 

Material — Colored  cardboard. 
Cut  a  six-pointed  star  on 
an  8-inch  diameter.  From  the 
center  of  this  star  cut  out  a 
small  six-pointed  star  314 
inches  in  diameter. 

Sew   with    worsted    three 

rows,  about  V^  of  an 
inch  apart,  around 
the  star. 

Cut  twelve  pieces 
of   tissue    paper   the  size  of   the   large  star  and 
fasten  them  to  one  of  the  points. 

As  you  wish  to  use  the  paper  pull 
it  through  the  small  star  in  the  center. 
Hang  it  up  by  a  ribbon  fastened  to 
one  of  the  points. 

44.     Brush-Broom  Holder 

Material —  Colored  cardboard. 

Cut  a  circle    5   inches  in  diameter. 

Sew  with  worsted  around  four  circles, 

Bnish-broom  case  meeting    in    the    center.       Then    take 


Sliai'iui^  paper  star 


59 


I iiihi s  I r  i a  !   Work 

another  piece  of  cardboard  4  inches  Iohl;'  and  2 '2  inches  wide. 
Round  the  ends  of  this  and  fasten  it  to  the  back  of  the  5-ineh 
circle  with  ribbon,  tyinj:^  small  bows  in  front.  Punch  a  hole  at 
the  top  of  the  crosspiece,  upon  the  back,  and  tic  in  a  ribbon  to 
use  as  a  hanger. 

45.     Blotting  Pad 

Material — Strawboard  and  ingrain  or  marble  paper. 

Cut  two  oblongs  of  strawboard ;  one  12x16  inches,  the  other, 
11^x151^  inches.  From  ingrain  or  marble  paper  cut  an  oblong 
17x13  inches.  Paste  this  on  one  side  of  the  larger  oblong,  also 
paste  over  the  edges  and  lap  on  the  other  side  ^  of  an  inch.  From 
cardboard  cut  four  corners  25^  inches  on  each  vSide.  Cut  leather 
Yi  of  an  inch  larger  than  these  corners.  Paste  the  leather  across 
the  diagonal,  place  this  corner  on  the  corner  of  the  smaller  oblong, 
and  fasten  it  by  pasting  the  leather  flap  to  the  underside  of  the 
oblong.     Repeat  on  each  of  the  other  corners. 

Pockets  are  formed  which  are  to  hold  the  blotters  to  the  pad. 
Paste  the  two  oblongs  together.  Cut  blotting  paper  the  required 
size  and  slip  under  the  corners. 

46.     Calendar 

Material —  Red  cardboard,  red  worsted,  and  a  calendar. 

From  red  cardboard  cut  a  circle  5  inches  in  diameter;  33  of  an 
inch  in  from  the  circumference  draw  a  circle;  ]z  of  an  inch  from 
this  draw  another  circle,  and  ^<  of  an  inch  from  this  still  another 
circle.  With  a  lighter  shade  of  red  worsted  sew  on  each  of  these 
three  circles.  Fasten  a  small  calendar  in  the  center.  Paste  dark 
red  paper  on  the  back  to  cover  the  sewing.  Punch  a  hole  at  the 
top  and  tie  in  a  bow  of  ribbon  of  any  color  desired,  with  a  loop 
for  a  hanger. 

60 


.4   raffia  picture  frame 


Secomf   )'car    Work 

47.     Raffia  Picture  Frame 

Material —  Strawboard  and  raffia. 

From  a  6-inch  square  of  straw- 
board  cut  a  circle  6  inches  in  diam- 
eter. Within  this  cut  a  circle  2^2 
inches  in  diameter. 

Dampen  the  raffia  and  pull  it 
through  the  hands  several  times 
to  make  it  smooth. 

Wind  the  raffia  around  the 
strawboard.  as  seen  in  the  illus- 
tration. 

Leave  the  edge  plain,  or  finish 
with  a  braid  of  raffia.      A  loop  of 

the  raffia  may  be  made  with  which 
to  hang  up  the  frame. 

Paste  heavy  paper  on  the  back, 
leaving  an  opening  at  the  top  in 
Avhich  to  slip  the  picture. 

An  oval  frame  may  be  made  in 
the  same  way. 

If  you  wish  a  square  or  oblong 
frame,  cut  the  frame  the  shape 
desired.  Draw  a  diagonal  line  from 
the  outer  corner  to  the  inner,  and 
make  small  holes  along  this  line. 
AVrap  across  one  side,  and  when  the 
inner  corner  is  reached,  sew  into  the 
first  hole.  Wind  around  and  sew 
into  the  second  hole.  Wind  and 
A  raffa  picture  jrainc  sew    in    this    way    until    the    outer 


6/ 


I  lul II  s  I r  id  I   \W)rk 

corncr  hole  is  reached.  Wind  on  ihe  next  side  and  sew  into  the 
same  holes  that  were  sewed  into  Ijefore,  until  the  inner  eorner  is 
reached.  Wind  across  the  next  side  and  proceed  as  before. 
Finish  the  same  as  the  round  or  oval  frame. 

Gexkkai,  Work 
Make  calendars  by  mountin.i^-  water-color  sketches  upon  cardboard 
and  pasting  small  calendars  below.     Decorate  calendars  in  other  ways. 
Frame  pictures  of  the  ]\Iadonnas    and   Holy  Families  in  different 
ways. 

Mount  Christmas  pictures  upon  dehcate  gray 
or  white  cards,  and  tie  them  together  for  booklets. 
The    entire    work    of    December    should   be 
based    upon    the    Christmas    thought,   and   each 
child  should  make  several  small  gifts,  and  assist 
A   toboggan   cap  in  the  decoration  of  the  schoolroom  and  in  the 

trimming  of  the  school  tree. 
Numberless  simple  gifts  can  be  made  from  colored  papers,  inex- 
pensive copies  (prints)  of  famous  pictures,  small  calendars,  and  cards. 

Hang  up  the  baby's  stocking; 
Be  sure  that  you  don't  forget ; 

The  dear  little  dimpled  darling- 
Has  never  seen  Christmas  yet. 

But  I've  told  her  all  about  it, 

And  she  opened  her  big  bhie  eyes. 

And  Fm  sure  that  she  rmderstood  me, 
She  looked  so  funnv  and  wise. 

— Emily  Himtingioti  M///ir. 

Heap  on  more  wood  !     The  wind  is  chill  1 

But  let  it  whistle  as  it  will. 

We'll  keep  one  merrv  Christmas  still. 

—  S/r  IVa/ie?-  ScoN. 

"Christmas  Bells,"  //.    W.  Longfclloic.      "Ring  Out,  Wild    Bells," 
Alfred  TciiuYsoii.     "A  Visit  from  Saint  Nicholas,"  Clement  C.  Moore. 

62 


Second    )'car    Work 
5  amiarn 

WIXTKR  SOXCr 

Hurrah  for  the  jolly  old  winter, 

The  king  of  the  seasons  is  he, 
Thouo-h  his  breath  is  cold  and  ic}-, 

His  heart  is  full  of  glee. 
He  piles  up  the  beautiful  snowflakes 

On  the  apple  trees  bare  and  brown, 
And  laughs  when  the  north  Avind  shakes  them, 

Like  a  shower  of  blossoms  down. 

Hurrah  for  the  jolly  old  winter. 
He  shouts  at  the  door  by  night, 

"Come  out  where  the  ice  is  gleaming- 
Like  steel  in  the  gold  moonlight." 

Like  swallows  over  the  water, 
The  skaters  merrily  go. 

There's  health  in  the  blustering  breezes. 
And  jov  in  the  beautiful  snow. 

—Kiiiily  II.  Miller. 

Clear  and  strong  images  are  best  developed  by  making,  modeling, 
painting,  and  drawing.  These  modes  of  expression  are  the  centers 
from  which  mental  and  moral  strength  expand  and  to  which  the  action 
of  the  whole  being  concentrates. 

— Francis   IV.  Pixrkrr. 

48.     Tea  Cozy 

Material — Double  Germantcjwn  yarn. 

This  tea  cozy  is  made  upon  a  strawboard  loom  S  x  S  inches. 

Prepare  the  loom  the  same  as  for  the  holder,  only  make  the 
holes  as  near  together  as  possible  without  l^reaking  the  straw- 
board —  about  five  or  six  to  the  inch. 

To  string-  the  loom,  thread  the  needle  with  the  yarn  and  put  it 
through  the  first  hole   in  the  upper  left  corner,  from  the  front. 


I  lul  II  s  I  r  i  a  I    H'o/'/c 

straight  across  the  back  to  the  first  hole  in  the  lower  left  corner, 
through  this  to  the  front,  then  straight  across  the  front  io  the 
point  of  beginning.  Tie  with  the  end  left.  Then  pull  the  yarn 
straight  across  to  the  second  hole  in  the  upper  left  corner.  Put 
it  through  to  the  back,  then  straight  across  the  back,  as  before, 
to  the  lower  left  corner,  second  hole,  through  this  to  the  front, 
and  straight  across  to  the  second  hole  in  the  upper  left  corner. 
Fasten  the  thread  here  over  the  thread  that  goes  straight  across 
from  the  first  to  the  second  hole.  Pass  straight  across  to  the 
third  hole.  Proceed  in  this  way  until  the  loom  is  strung  the 
required  size.  Fasten  the  end  the  same  as  at  the  beginning.  This 
will  keep  the  warp  threads  straight  across.  If  you  wish  to  use 
different  colors,  string  the  loom  with  one  color  and  weave  with 
another.  You  may  also  weave  a  different  pattern  upon  each  side 
of  the  cozy. 

For  the  Weaving — Put  a  knitting  needle  through  the  two  holes 
upon  the  right  side  of  the  loom,  to  keep  the  warp  from  being 
drawn  to  the  center.  Upon  the  other  side  of  the  cozy,  directly 
opposite  and  in  the  same  holes,  put  another  knitting  needle. 
Thread  the  woof  into  a  weaving  needle  and  begin  to  weave  at  the 
upper  right  corner,  as  follows :  Under  two  threads,  over  two, 
under  two,  over  two,  until  you  reach  the  edge  of  the  warp,  then 
put  the  needle  through  the  strawboard  to  the  other  side  and  weave 
over  two,  and  under  two,  until  you  reach  the  knitting  needle. 
Turn  and  go  back  in  the  same  way,  until  you  reach  the  edge,  then 
put  the  needle  through  the  strawboard,  and  weave  until  3'ou  reach 
the  other  knitting  needle.     Turn  and  go  back. 

Upon  one  side  weave  in  checks,  upon  the  other  side  weave  in 
diagonal  lines. 

When  the  loom  is  filled,  fasten  the  end  of  the  woof  and  break 
the  loom  from  the  cozy. 


Second   Year    Work 

By  turning  this  up  around  the  bottom  and  pushing  in  the 
corners  you  will  have  a  toboggan  cap.  By  putting  a  drawstring 
around  the  top  you  will  have  a  little  bag.  It  also  makes  a  very 
good  double  holder. 

General  Work 

Read  stories  of  Eskimo  life,  and  make  houses,  sledges,  and  clothing. 

Study  different  kinds  of  evergreens,  and  represent  them  in  several 
ways. 

Read  the  poem,  "What  the  Wood  Fire  vSaid  to  the  Little  Boy,"  by 
Frank  L.  Stanton,  and  have  the  children  illustrate  parts  of  it. 

jpcbruarp 

RED  RIDING  HOOD 

On  the  wide  lawn  the  snow  lay  deep. 
Ridged  o'er  with  many  a  drifted  heap  ; 
The  wind  that  through  the  pine  trees  sung 
The  naked  elm-boughs  tossed  and  swung  ; 
While,  through  the  window,  frosty-starred, 
Against  the  sunset  purple  barred, 
We  saw  the  somber  crow  flap  by, 
The  hawk's  gi"ay  fleck  along  the  sky, 
The  crested  bluejay  flitting  swift. 
The  squirrel  poising  on  the  drift. 
Erect,  alert,  his  broad  gray  tail 
Set  to  the  north  wind  like  a  sail. 

It  came  to  r)ass  our  little  lass, 

With  flattened  face  against  the  glass, 

And  eyes  in  which  the  tender  dew 

Of  pity  shone,  stood  gazing  through 

The  narrow  space  her  rosy  lips 

Had  melted  from  the  frost's  eclipse  : 

"Oh,  see,"  she  cried,  "  the  poor  bluejays  ; 

65 


I iithi s  I r ia  I   Work 

What  is  it  that  the  black  crow  sa}'s  ? 
The  squirrel  lifts  his  little  le.^s 
Because  he  has  no  hands,  and  begs  ; 
He's  asking  for  my  nuts,  I  know  : 
jMay  I  not  feed  them  on  the  snow  ?" 
Half  lost  within  her  boots,  her  head 
Warm  sheltered  in  her  hood  of  red, 
Her  plaid  skirt  close  about  her  drawn. 
She  floundered  down  the  wintry  lawn  ; 
Now  struggling  through  the  misty  veil 
Blown  round  her  by  the  shrieking  gale  ; 
Now  sinking  in  a  drift  so  low 
Her  scarlet  hood  could  scarcely  show 
Its  dash  of  color  on  the  snow. 

She  dropped  for  bird  and  beast  forlorn 

Her  little  store  of  nuts  and  corn, 

And  thus  her  timid  guests  bespoke  : 

"  Come,  squirrel,  from  your  hollow  oak, — 

Come,  black  old  crow, — 

Come,  poor  bluejay. 

Before  your  supper's  blown  away  ! 

Don't  be  afraid,  we  all  are  good  ; 

And  I'm  mamma's  Red  Riding  Hood  !" 

O  Thou  whose  care  is  over  all, 
Who  heedest  even  the  sparrow's  fall. 
Keep  in  the  little  maiden's  breast 
The  pity  which  is  now  its  guest ! 
Let  not  her  cultured  years  make  less 
The  childhood  charm  of  tenderness. 
But  let  her  feel  as  well  as  know. 
Nor  harder  with  her  polish  grow  ! 
Uninoved  by  sentimental  grief 
That  wails  along  some  printed  leaf, 
But  prompt  with  kindly  word  and  deed 
To  own  the  claims  of  all  who  need. 
Let  the  grown  woman's  self  make  good 
The  promise  of  Red  Riding  Hood  1 

—  /('//;/  Ci.    ]\'Jiittit'r. 

66 


Sec  one/   )\'ar    Work 

It  is  only  beginning-  to  be  generally  realized  that  hand  and  eye 
training  aifords  a  valuable  intellectual  and  moral  discipline;  that  it 
powerfully  stimulates  the  practical  intelligence  in  a  way  which  must 
react  on  the  rest  of  the  school  work,  and  that  it  tends  to  correct  the 
abstractness  and  unreality  of  much  school  work  by  establishing  in  the 
minds  of  both  the  teacher  and  pupil  a  sense  of  connection  between 
the  work  of  the  school  and  the  work  of  everyday  life. 

—  E(f/iif>ni-^/i  ft' lima/. 

49.     Valentine  Envelope 

Material —  Drawing  paper. 

Draw  and  cut  an  oblong  8x12  inches.  Place  the  long  edge 
parallel  with  the  front  of  the  desk.  Make  a  dot  2  inches  down 
from  the  upper  right 
corner.  Repeat  on  the 
left  edge  and  connect  the 
two  dots  by  a  straight 
line.  Repeat  with  the 
lower  right  and  left 
corners.  On  the  upper 
edge,  3  inches  from  the 
upper  right  corner,  make 
a  dot.  Place  a  dot  oppo- 
site on  the  lower  edge. 
Connect  these  two  dots 
by  a  straight  line.  Re- 
peat on  the  upper  left 
and  the  lower  left  corners.  (There  are  now  three  rows  of  oblongs.) 
Bisect  the  upper  edge  of  the  middle  oblong  of  the  top  row.  On 
the  left  edge  of  this  same  oblong,  y,  inch  from  its  lower  left 
corner,  place  a  dot  and  connect  it  by  a  straight  line  with  the  dot 
bisecting  the  top.  Repeat  on  the  right  side.  Also  repeat  on  the 
middle  oblong  at  the  bottom.      Find   the   middle   oblong  at   the 

(>7 


A   ralcjitijif  currlcipc 


I  )i(.l  US  I  r  i  a  I   Work 

right ;  i  inch  down  from  its  upper  right  corner  make  a  dot,  and 
connect  it  by  a  straight  line  with  the  upper  left  corner  of  this  same 
oblong.  Repeat  at  lower  left  corner.  Repeat  dictation  for  the 
middle  oblong  at  the  left. 

Cut  on  all  slant  lines,  and  also  on  the  ^-inch  lines  at  the  sides 
of  the  two  oblongs  at  the  top  and  bottom.  Fcjld  on  the  remaining 
straight  lines,  and  paste  all  but  the  upper  triangle.  Leave  this  for 
the  flap  of  the  envelope. 

General  Work 

Complete  the  tea  cozy  begun  in  January. 

Make  valentines  of  many  kinds.    (vSee  February,  First  Year  Work.) 

Mount  pictures  of  Lincoln,  his  boyhood  home,  his  horse,  etc.,  upon 
white  paper,  and  write  a  quotation  under  the  picture  or  upon  the  oppo- 
site page.  Fasten  these  pages  together  in  book  form,  and  letter  the 
cover. 

Make  similar  books  for  Washington,  Lono-fellow,  and  Lowell. 


SC^arcf) 


WILD  GEESE 

The  wind  blows,  the  sun  .shines,  the  birds  sing  loud, 
The  blue,  blue  sky  is  flecked  with  fleecy,  dappled  cloud, 
Over  earth's  rejoicing  fields  the  children  dance  and  sing, 
And  the  frogs  pipe  in  chorus,  "  It  is  spring  !     It  is  spring  I  " 

The  grass  comes,  the  flower  laughs  where  lately  lay  the  snow, 

O'er  the  breezy  hilltop  hoarsely  calls  the  crow. 

By  the  flowing  river  the  alder  catkins  swing, 

And  the  sweet  song-sparrow  cries,  "  Spring  !     It  is  spring  !  " 

68 


Se  c  o  )i  d   ]  'c  a  r    Wo  r  k 

Hark,  what  a  clamor  goes  winging-  through  the  sky ! 
Look,  children  I     Listen  to  the  sound  so  wild  and  high  ! 
Like  a  peal  of  broken  bells, — kling,  klang,  kling, — 
Far  and  high  the  wild  geese  cry,  "  Spring  I     It  is  spring  !  " 

Bear  the  winter  off  with  you,  O  wild  geese  dear  I 
Carry  all  the  cold  away,  far  away  from  here  ; 
Chase  the  snow  into  the  north,  O  strong  of  heart  and  wing, 
While  we  share  the  robin's  rapture,  crying,  "  Spring  !  Jt  is  spring  I 

— Celia  Tha.xter. 


In  order  to  make  education  more  harmonious  and  complete,  there  is 
felt  a  need  of  something  which  not  only  tolerates,  but  actually  encour- 
ages and  fosters  the  spontaneous  activity,  something  to  cultivate  the 
observant  use  of  hand  and  eye,  something  by  means  of  which  the  mental 
and  physical  activity  of  the  pupil  may  be  called  forth,  something  to 
develop  the  wholesome  desire  to  do  something,  to  make  something. 
— R.  G.  Dickson,  Secretary  of  Education  for  England. 


50.     Hammock 

Material — Two  brass  rings,  heavy  twine,  and  a  strawboard  loom 
7x10  inches.  (Not  more  than  two  colors  should  be  used  in 
one  hammock.) 

Warp  and  woof  the  same  material.  Weave  with  a  large  darning 
needle. 

For  the  warp  cut  the  twine  14  yards  long.  For  the  woof  1 2  inches 
long  will  allow  for  the  fringe. 

To  get  the  loom  ready  for  stringing,  place  it  in  front  of  yoti 
with  the  ends  horizontal.  Measure  down  \%  inches,  and  draw  a 
line  parallel  to  the  top  edge.  In  the  center  of  this  line,  and  y^  ^^^ 
an  inch  toward  the  top,  make  a  dot  and  draw  a  line  curved  slightly 
toward  the  two  sides.  On  the  curved  line  make  dots  14  of  an  inch 
apart,  and  you  will  have  twenty-seven  dots.    Punch  dots  with  small 

69 


Dolls'  hauDuocks 


Second   )\'ar    JJ'or/c 


punch.  ]\Iake  the  opposite  end  just  like  this.  Connect  these  two 
ends  by  diagonal  lines  cros.sino-  the  center,  and  fasten  the  two 
rings  in  the  upper  and  lower  angles,  near  the  center. 


Front  and  back  of  hammock  looms 

Thread  the  needle.  Fasten  one  end  of  the  warp  in  the  upper 
ring,  leaving  about  6  inches.  Put  the  needle  through  the  outside 
hole  at  the  top,  then  straight  across  to  the  outside  bottom  hole. 
Pull  through  and  fasten  in  the  lower  ring,  then  back  to  the  second 
hole  from  the  bottom,  straight  across  to  the  second  hole  from  the 
top,  then  down  to  the  upper  ring,  through  the  ring  and  back  to  the 
third  hole  froin  the  top,  across  to  the  third  hole  from  the  bottom 
and  through  the  lower  ring,  then  back  through  the  fourth  hole  from 
the  bottom.  Proceed  in  this  way  until  all  of  the  holes  are  strung. 
Fasten  the  end  in  the  lower  ring,  and  weave  back  and  forth  two  or 
three  times  above  the  ring.  Fasten  the  opposite  end  in  the  same 
way,  above  the  upper  ring.     Now  you  are  ready  to  weave. 


I  n  (hi  s  I  r  i  Li  I   Work 

Bei^'in  at  one  end  and  weave  abont  "j  of  an  inch  below  the 
curve  with  the  bodv  color,  then  weave  a  border,  usin<(  the  body 
color  with  one  other  color.  Be  very  careful  not  to  let  the  threads 
of  the  warp  draw  together  in  the  center  of  the  hammock.  When 
ready  for  the  other  end  weave  the  border  to  match.  Fasten  the 
ends  and  edges  with  double  weaving,  and  remove  the  hammock. 


Body  color  red 


51.     Borders  for  Hammocks 

Body  color  i^rccu 


Body  color  yclloio 


2  rows  of  white 
2  rows  of  red 

1  row  of  white 

2  rows  of  red 
rows  of  white 
rows  of  red 
row  of  white 
rows  of  red 
rows  of  white 


Body  color  red 

4 
4  rows  of  white 
2  rows  of  red 

1  row  of  white 

2  rows  of  red 

1  row  of  white 

2  rows  of  red 

4  rows  of  white 


I  row  of  green 
I  row  of  white 

1  row  of  green 

2  rows  of  white 

3  rows  of  green 
5  rows  of  white 
3  rows  of  green 

2  rows  of  white 
I  row  of  green 

I  row  of  white 

1  row  of  green 

Body  color  red 

5 

3  rows  of  white 
3  rows  of  red 

2  rows  of  white 
I  row  of  red 

I  row  of  white 
I  row  of  red 
r  row  of  white 

1  row  of  red 

2  rows  of  white 

3  rows  of  red 

3  rows  of  white 


2  rows  of  white 
4  rows  of  yellow 

3  rows  of  white 
I  row  of  yellow 
3  rows  of  white 

1  row  of  yellow 

3  rows  of  white 

4  rows  of  yellow 

2  rows  of  white 


Body  color  zoliite 

6 
2  rows  of  red 
2  rows  of  white 
2  rows  of  red 
4  rows  of  white 
I  row  of  red 
I  row  of  white 
I  row  of  red 
I  row  of  white 

1  row  of  red 

4  rows  of  white 

2  rows  of  red 

2  rows  of  white 
2  rows  of  red 


7^ 


Second   ]'car    ll'ork 


Body  color  red 

7 
3  rows  of  white 
2  rows  of  red 

1  row  of  white 

2  rows  of  red 

5  rows  of  white 
2  rows  of  red 

1  row  of  white 

2  rows  of  red 

X  rows  of  white 


l^odv  color  1^'liitc 

8 
6  rows  of  green 
4  rows  of  white 
2  rows  of  green 

1  row  of  white 

2  rows  of  green 
4  rows  of  white 
6  rows  of  oreen 


Rodv  color  loliitc 


I  row  of  yellow 
I  row  of  white 
f  row  of  yellow 

1  row  of  white 

3  rows  of  yellow 

2  rows  of  white 

7  rows  of  yellow 

2  rows  of  white 

3  rows  of  yellow 
X  row  of  white 

1  row  of  yellow 
I  row  of  white 
I  row  of  vellow 


Body  color  ivJiitc 

TO 

4  rows  of  red 
4  rows  of  white 
I  row  of  red 
1  row  of  white 
I  row  of  red 
I  row  of  wdiite 

3  rows  of  red 

I  row  of  white 
I  row  of  red 
I  row  of  white 
I  row  of  red 

4  rows  of  white 
4  rows  of  red 


Body  color  grccii 

II 
2  rows  of  white 

2  rows  of  green 

3  rows  of  white 
2  rows  of  green 

1  row  of  Avhite 

2  rows  of  green 

3  rows  of  white 
2  rows  of  green 
2  rows  of  white 


lunly  color  loliitc 

12 

I  row  of  green 
I  row  of  white 

1  row  of  green 

2  rows  of  white 

3  rows  of  green 
5  rows  of  white 
3  rows  of  green 
2  rows  of  white 
I  row  of  green 

I  row  of  white 
I  row  of  orcen 


General  Work 

Review  and  enlarge  the  general  lines  of  work  suggested  for  :\Iarch, 
First  Year  Work. 


73 


I  ml  II  s  I  r  ia  I   Work 

UNDER    THE    LEAVES 

Oft  have  I  walked  these  woodhmd  paths, 
Without  the  blessed  foreknowing- 

That  underneath  the  withered  leaves 
The  fairest  buds  were  growing. 

To-day  the  south  wind  sweeps  away 
The  types  of  autumn's  splendor, 

And  shows  the  sweet  arbutus  flowers, — 
Spring's  children,  pure  and  tender. 

O  prophet  —  flowers!  —  with  lips  of  bloom, 

Outvying  in  your  beauty 
The  pearly  tints  of  ocean  shells, — 

Ye  teach  me  faith  and  dutv  ! 


Walk  life's  dark  ways,  ye  seem  to  say. 

With  love's  divine  foreknowing, 
That  where  man  sees  but  withered  leaves, 

God  sees  sweet  flowers  growing. 

—  Albert  Laii^^hioH. 


There  is  n<j  glory  in  star  or  blossoms 
Till  looked  upon  by  a  loving  eye  ; 
There  is  no  fragrance  in  April  breezes 

Till  breathed  with  joy  as  they  wander  by. 
-From  ''All  Iii-ditatiou  to  tJic  Country"  by  William  Cullcn  Bryant. 


Manual  training  is  designed  to  cultivate  love  and  respect  for  hard, 
persistent  work ;  it  cultivates  a  contempt  for  human  beings,  rich  or 
poor,  whose  main  purpose  in  life  is  to  avoid  labor. 

— Francis  J  J'.  Par/ccr. 

74 


Se  CO  ml   ]  ^c  a  r    J I  'o  r  k 


52.     Easter  Basket 

Material — Heavy  dnnving  paper. 

Draw  an  8-inch  square.  Draw  its  diameters.  Take  the  point 
of  intersection  of  the  diameters  as  a  center,  and  draw  a  6-inch 
circle.  Take  the  four  points  where  the  circumference  crosses  the 
diameters,  as  centers,  and  draw  four  2-inch  circles.  Take  the  eight 
points,  where  the  four  small  circles 
cross  the  large  circle,  as  centers, 
and  draw  eight  2-inch  circles. 

Taking  the  points  where  these 
circles  cross  the  diameters  for  cor- 
ners, construct  a  second  square  for 
the  bottom  of  the  basket.  Cut  out 
the  four  small  circles  first  drawn. 
AVe  now  have  eight  crescents  left. 
Cut   around   the   outside    edge  of 

these,  and  also  along  the  circumference  of  the  large  circle,  between 
the  crescents.  Fold  on  the  small  square.  Draw  the  tips  of  the 
crescents  together  and  tie  with  narrow  ribbon.  Cut  a  handle 
8  X  y'i  inches,  and  paste  inside  of  the  basket. 


Easter  basket 


53.     Flower  Booklets 

Copy  the  following  quotations  upon  separate  sheets  of  paper 
Tie  the  sheets  together  and  decorate  the  covers  with  water 
color  sketches  of  flowers  or  spring  landscapes. 

TO   THE  DAXDELION 

Dear  common  flower,  that  grow'st  beside  the  way. 

Fringing  the  dusty  road  with  harmless  gold. 

First"  pledye  of  blithesome  Mav. 

^        ^  '         ~  fames  Russill  Lowell. 


75 


I  n  d  II  s  I  r  i  a  1    ]\'ork 


THE  DAJ'FODILS 

I  wandered  lonely  as  a  cloud 

That  floats  on  high  (/cr  vales  and  hills, 

When  all  at  once  I  saw  a  crowd, — 
A  host  of  golden  daffodils, 

Beside  the  lake,  beneath  the  trees. 

Fluttering  and  dancing  in  the  l:)reeze. 

—  /  /  'il liain   1 1  'ort/s7L'c>r//i. 

VIOLEF 

vShe  comes,  the  first,  the  fairest  thing, 
That  heaven  upon  the  earth  doth  fling  — 

Ere  winter's  star  has  set  ; 
She  dwells  behind  her  leafy  screen 
And  gives,  as  angels  give,  unseen. 

—Selected. 

PASQ  UE-FLO  WER 

"  The  winter  snows  were  hardly  gone, 

When  in  her  robes  of  fur 
The  pasqne-flower  came  to  cheer  our  hearts  ; 

We  ran  to  welcome  her." 

ARBUTUS 

"  And  when  I  had  gone  to  the  hillside 
To  welcome  the  springtime  so  new, 

I  was  led  by  the  delicate  fragrance 

To  the  place  where  the  arbutus  grew." 

[A  CK-IN- 1 HE-P  ULPIT 

Jack-in-the-pulpit  preaches  to-day 
Under  the  green  trees  just  over  the  way. 

—  J.G.    Whiftier,'^ Child  Lifer 

PANSV 

Rich  purple-hued  velvets  the  Pansy  maids  wear, 
While  cunning  caps  rest  on  their  long  yellow  hair. 

—  Lvdia  H.  Freeman. 

76 


Se  c  o  n  d   J  ^e  a  r    II  'o  r  k 


LI  LA  cs 


Of  all  the  bonny  buds  that  blow 

In  bright  or  cloudy  weather, 
Of  all  the  flowers  that  come  and  go 

The  whole  twelve  months  together, 
This  purple  lilac  blossom  brings 
Thoughts  of  the  gavest,  gladdest  things. 

—  Silrc/c;/. 

THE  APPLE  ORCHARD  LX  THE  SPRLXU 

Have  you  seen  an  apple  orchard  in  the  spring? 
An  English  apple  orchard  in  the  spring  '■! 

When  the  spreading  trees  are  hoary 

With  their  wealth  of  promised  glory, 

And  the  mavis  sings  its  story, 
In  the  spring. 

--  Will /am  Martin 
EORGET-ME-NOT 

When  to  the  flowers  —  so  beautiful  — 

The  Father  gave  a  name, 
Back  came  a  little  blue-eyed  one. 

All  timidly  it  came 
And  standing  at  its  Father's  feet. 

And  gazing  in  his  face, 
It  said  in  low  and  trembling  tones, 

With  sweet  and  gentle  grace, 
"  Dear  God,  the  name  thou  gavest  me, 

Alas  !   I  have  forgot." 
Then  kindly  looked  the  Father  down. 

And  said,  "  Forget-me-not." 

—  From  ''Fairyland  of  I'loiuers." 

SWEET  PEAS 

Here  are  sweet  peas,  on  tiptoe  for  a  flight. 
With  wings  of  gentle  flush  o'er  delicate  white. 
And  taper  fingers  catching  at  all  things, 
To  bind  them  all  about  with  tiny  rings. 

— /oiui  Keats. 

77 


I  )ul  II  s  1 1-  i  a  1   W'oi'k 


NAS'nRTirM 


I  am  tlic  t^'ay  nasturtium, 

1  bloom  in  wardens  fine  ; 
Among  the  grander  flowers 

My  slender  stalk  I  twine. 
Bright  orange  is  my  eolor 

The  e3'es  of  all  to  please, 
I  have  a  tube  of  hone}' 

For  all  the  bees. 


-Lucy  I ! ' he e loci;. 


CLOJ'ERS 

The  clovers  have  no  time  to  pla}' ; 
They  feed  the  cows  and  make  the  hay, 

And  trim  the  lawns,  and  help  the  bees, 
Until  the  sun  sinks  through  the  trees. 

And  then  they  lay  aside  their  cares, 
And  fold  their  hands  to  say  their  prayers, 


And  drop  their  tired  little  heads. 
And  go  to  sleep  in  clover  beds. 


TIGER-LILIES 


—Hilcua  L.  Jc/l/ffc. 


I  like  not  lad3-slippers. 

Nor  yet  the  sweet-pea  blossoms. 

Nor  yet  the  flaky  roses. 

Red,  or  white  as  snow  ; 
I  like  the  chaliced  lilies. 
The  heavy  Eastern  lilies. 
The  gorgeous  tiger-lilies, 

That  in  our  garden  grow  I 

—  T/toiiias  Ba/7rv  AldricJi. 


Se  c  o  n  d   J  7'  a  r    J  J  \i  r  k 

General  Work 

Make  Easter  cards,  and  decorate  them  in  different  ways. 
Broaden  and  deepen  the  lines  of  work  siig-gested  for  April,  First 
Year  Work. 

Illustrate  sprini^'  poems,  as  : 

GREEN  TIIIN(tS  GROWING 

0  the  or-reen  thino-.s  o-rowino-,  the  <>'reen  thinos  orowinii-. 
The  faint  sweet  smell  of  the  green  things  growing" ! 

1  should  like  to  live,  whether  I  smile  or  grieve. 

Just  to  watch  the  happy  life  of  my  green  things  growing. 

0  the  fluttering  and  the  pattering  of  those  green  things  growing  ! 
How  they  talk  each  to  each,  when  none  of  ns  are  knowing  ; 

In  the  wonderful  light  of  the  weird  moonlight 

Or  the  dim,  dreamy  dawn  when  the  cocks  arc  crowing. 

1  love,  I  love  them  so — my  green  things  growing  ! 
And  I  think  that  they  love  me,  without  false  showing  ; 
For  by  many  a  tender  touch,  they  comfort  me  so  much, 
With  the  soft  mute  comfort  of  green  things  grf)wing. 

—  Ih'iuih  Mitlock  C>'iu7:. 

anti  3  line 

THE  THROSTLE 

"  vSummer  is  coming,  summer  is  coming, 

I  know  it,  I  know  it,  I  know  it. 
Light  again,  leaf  again,  life  again,  love  again," 

Yes,  my  wild  little  poet. 

wSing  the  new  year  in  under  the  blue. 

Last  year  you  sang  it  as  gladly. 
"New,  new,  new  !  "  Is  it  then  so  new 

That  you  should  carol  so  madly? 


79 


I  ml  II  s  t  r  i  a  I   Work 


"Love  again,  sons;'  aj^ain,  nest  as^'-ain,  yount^  again," 

Never  a  prophet  so  crazy  ! 
And  hardly  a  daisy  as  yet,  little  friend. 

See,  there  is  hardly  a  daisy. 

"  Here  again,  here,  here,  here,  happy  year  !  " 

O,  warble  unchidden,  unbidden  ! 
Summer  is  coming,  is  coming,  my  dear, 

And  all  the  winters  are  hidden. 

— Alfred  Teniivson. 


The  child  enters  into  the  in- 
dustrial commercial  activity,  and 
the  life  of  the  world,  through  his 
hands  and  his  brain.  He  has 
very  little  interest,  in  general, 
in  things  outside  of  his  own  en- 
vironment, until  that  interest  is 
stimulated  through  the  work  of 
his  hands.  To  illustrate:  Work 
in  wood  means  images  of  wood- 
work, realization  of  images, 
interest  in  all  things  made  of 
wood,  from  the  simplest  box  to 
the  magnificent  structure.  The 
child  cannot  make  an  article  of 
furniture  without  always  being 
more  or  less  interested  in  fur- 
niture. 

— FviDuis   ir.  Parker. 


54.     May  Basket 

Take  two  strips  of  colored 
paper,    red    on    one    side    and 

The  paper  cut  ^^'^i^^  o^  ^^^^  other,  each  strip 

9x214  inches.  Fold  the  short 
edges  together.  Crease.  Fold  one  strip  with  the  red  outside  and 
one  Avith  the  white  outside.     When  folded  you  have  two  oblongs. 

So 


Second  Year    Work 


On 

Yi  of 


each  2i^x4i/i  inches 
the  crease  make  dots 
an  inch  apart;  2y^  inches 
from  the  crease  make  dots 
Yi  of  an  inch  apart,  and 
connect  the  upper  row  of 
dots  with  the  dots  on  the 
crease  b}'  straight  lines. 
Cut  on  the  lines.  Repeat  on 
the  other  oblong.    Hold  the 

white  oblong  in  the  left  hand  with  the 

slits  at  the  top  and  in  a  vertical  position. 

Hold  the  red  oblong  in  the  right  hand 

with  the  slits 


Partly  ivoven 


toward    the 
left  and  in  a 
horizontal 
p  o  s  i  t  i  o  n  . 
Take  the  closed  end  of  the  lower  red 
strip,  open  it  and  slip  it  over 
the  first  white  strip  at  the  right, 
between  the  path  of  the  second 
white  strip,  over  the  third,  be- 
tween  the   path   of   the   fourth 
and  over  the  fifth.     Take  the 
second  red  strip,  place  the 
closed  end  between  the  path  of 
the  first  white  strip,  over  the 
second,  between  the  third,  over 
the    fourth,    and    between    the 
path  of  the  fifth.     Repeat  until 

8i 


The  completed  basket 


J  ml  It  s  I  r  i  a  I   Work 

all  strips  are  woven.     Cut  the  open  ends  of  the  ol)h)nj4'  to  form  a 
heart  and  paste  a  handle  at  the  eenter. 


55.     Folded  May  Basket 

Material —  Colored  paper,  red  on  one  side,  white  on  the  other. 
Take  a  6-inch  square.     Fold  on  its  diagonals.     Unfold.     Then 

fold  the  corners  to  the  center  of  the  square.     Keep  them  folded, 

turn  the  plain  side  upward  and 
fold  each  corner  to  the  center. 
Reverse  paper  so  you  can  see 
four  squares  whose  loose  corners 
meet  at  the  center  of  the  large 
square.  Fold  the  loose  corner  of 
the  upper  right  square  to  the 
upper  right  corner  of  the  paper. 
Fold  the  other  corners  in  the 
same  way.  Fold  each  corner  in- 
ward to  the  center  of  the  triangle, 
and  with  this  small  triangle  still 
folded,  fold  once  more  toward  the 
center,  but  do  not  crease. 

Fold  five  squares  like  this,  four 
f()r    the    sides    and    one    for    the 

bottom.     The  back  of  each  square  is  composed  of  four  triangles 

meeting  in  the  center. 

For  the  bottom  of  the  basket,  paste  these  four  triangles  to  the 

fifth  square. 

For  the  sides,  paste  the  lower  triangle  to  the  bottom  of  the 

basket,   and   also   paste  the   edges  of   the  triangles  at  the   sides 

toQfether. 


A   Mav  basket 


S2 


Se  c  o  11  d   ]  \'  a  r    Wo  r  k 

Cut  two  handles.  Paste  one  upon  the  rig;ht  and  left  sides  of 
the  basket.  Paste  the  other  upon  the  front  and  back.  Where 
they  cross  at  the  top,  paste  them  together. 

56.     Bird  Booklets 

Copy  the  following  quotations  upon  separate  sheets  of  paper. 
Tie  them  together  and  decorate  the  covers  in  some  artistic  way. 

THE  HUMMING  BIRD 

A  flash  of  harmless  lightning, 

A  mist  of  rainbow  dyes, 
The  burnished  sunbeams  brightening. 

From  flower  to  flower  he  flies. 

— Joint  Hainiister  Tahh. 

THE  BLA  CKBIRD 

Blackbird  !  sing  me  something  well ; 

While  all  the  neighbors  shoot  thee  round, 
I  keep  smooth  plats  and  fruitful  ground, 

Where  thou  may'st  warble,  eat  and  dwell. 

—  Alfred  Te  liny  son. 

THE  SOXG  SPARROW 

There  is  a  bird  I  know  so  well, 

It  seems  as  if  he  must  have  sung 

Beside  my  crib  when  I  was  young ; 
Before  I  knew  the  way  to  spell 

The  name  of  even  the  smallest  bird. 

His  gentle,  joyful  song  I  heard. 

— Htiiry  I  an  Dyke. 

THE  ROBEY 

The  sweetest  sound  the  whole  year  round  — 

'Tis  the  first  robin  of  the  spring  — 
The  song  of  the  full  orchard  choir 

Is  not  so  fine  a  thing. 

— J'.iiiniiiiii  C I  are  tic  t-  Stfiintaii. 

S3 


I  ihI  II  s  I  r  i  a  I    W'ork 

ro  AX  (iRioi.i-: 

How  falls  it,  oriole,  thoii  hast  come  to  fly 

In  tropic  s]:)lendor  throu.i^ii  our  northern  sky? 

At  some  glad  moment  was  it  nature's  choice 
To  dower  a  scrap  of  sunshine  with  a  voice  ? 

Or  did  some  orange  tulip,  flaked  with  black. 
In  some  forgotten  garden,  ages  back, 

Yearning  toward  Heaven  till  its  wish  was  heard, 
Desire  unspeakable  to  be  a  bird? 

— Edgar  Faivcctt. 

THE  nLCEBIRD 

The  bluebird  chants  from  the  elm's  long  branches, 

A  hymn  to  welcome  the  budding  year. 
The  south  wind  wanders  from  field  to  forest, 

And  softly  whispers,  "  The  spring  is  here." 
•/vw//  "./;/  In-,'itation  to  the  Ccitiilrv,"  by  WiHiani  Ciilleti  Bryaul. 


THE  KIXGEISHER 

Have  you  ever  seen  my  flsher-friend 

Where  some  lone  brook  is  flowing, 
When  summer's  skies  are  blue  and  clear. 

And  summer's  flowers  are  blowing? 

— .  Ih'x  Thoyn. 

THE  SKYLARK 

Bird  of  the  Avilderness, 
Blithesome  and  cumberless. 

Sweet  be  thy  nature  o'er  moreland  and  leal 
Emblem  of  happiness. 
Blest  is  thy  dwelling-place  ; 

C)  to  abide  in  the  desert  with  thee  I 

—James  Hogg. 


S4 


Second   Year   If'or/c 

THE  BOBOLIXKS 

When  nature  had  made  all  her  birds, 

With  no  more  cares  to  think  on 
She  gave  a  rippling  laugh,  and  out 

There  flew  a  Bobolinkon. 

—Chr/stop/ur  Pcarse  Craut/t. 

THE  EAGLE 

He  clasps  the  crag  with  hooked  hands  ; 
Close  to  the  sun  in  lonely  lands, 
Ring'd  with  the  azure  world  he  stands. 

— A  If  red  Tennyson. 

THE  OWL 

In  the  hollow  tree,  in  the  old  gray  tower, 

The  spectral  owl  doth  dwell ; 
Dull,  hated,  despised,  in  the  sunshine  liour. 

But  at  dusk  he's  abroad  and  well  I 
Not  a  biM  of  the  forest  e'er  mates  with  him  ; 

All  mock  him  outright  by  day; 
But  at  night,  when  the  woods  grow  still  and  dim. 

The  boldest  will  shrink  away ! 
(),  when  the  night  falls,  and  roosts  the  fowl. 

Then,  then,  is  the  reign  of  the  horned  owl  ! 

—  Bryati  Waller  Procter  {'' Barry  Corjiioall"). 

(tEXKKai.  Work 

Almost  the  entire  work  of  these  months  should  be  along  the  lines 
of  nature  study  and  the  preparation  for  summer. 

Field  lessons  should  take  the  place  of  indoor  work,  and  the  manual 
training  should  be  caring  for  seeds  and  plants,  chickens  and  birds. 

Make  bean  bags  and  marble  bags,  and  have  them  used. 

Paint  flowers,  twigs,  and  landscapes  with  water  colors. 

And  what  is  so  rare  as  a  day  in  June  .' 
Then,  if  ever,  come  perfect  days. 

—  Erom  "' /niie  Days,"  by  James  Russell  Loivell. 


8 


J) 


Industrial   W^ork 


A    raltaii  ivoirii   rajjia  mat 


86 


THIRD   YEAR    WORK 

THE   POTTER 

The  potter  stood  at  his  daily  work, 

One  patient  foot  on  the  ground  ; 
The  other  with  never-slackening"  speed 

Turning"  his  swift  wheel  round. 

vSilent  we  stood  beside  him  there, 

Watching  the  restless  knee, 
Till  my  friend  said  low,  in  pitying  voice, 
"  How  tired  his  foot  must  be  I  " 

The  potter  never  paused  in  his  work, 

vShaping  the  wondrous  thing  ; 
'Twas  only  a  common  flower-pot, 

But  perfect  in  fashioning. 

vSlowly  he  raised  his  patient  eyes, 

With  homely  truth  inspired  ; 
"  No,  marm  ;  it  isn't  the  foot  that  works, 

The  one  that  stands  gets  tired  !  " 

—St'hxh-i/. 

Interest  in  the  thing  he  is  making  gives  the  child  an  interest  in 
the  way  in  which  other  people  of  the  world  arc  doing  the  same  thing. 
The  desire  to  make  his  basket  beautiful  leads  him  to  the  study  of  the 
baskets  of  the  Indians,  Hawaiians,  and  South  Americans.  Questions 
in  the  color  arrangements  of  the  rug  he  is  weaving  drives  him  with 
eager  questions  to  the  Orient,  and  the  wonders  of  color  combination 
which  are,  as  yet,  so  far  beyond  him.  Thus  problems  arising  in  his 
own  work  take  him  out  to  all  people  of  all  parts  of  the  earth. 

Expression  is  essentially  doing  ;  it  is  that  toward  which  all  human 
action  moves,  and,  indeed,  should  move.  The  motive  of  expression 
impels  the  soul  to  its  best  effort  in  observation,  study,  and  reasoning. 

— J-'i\viiis  jr.  Parlcrr. 


/;/ (111 s trial   Jf ^o r k 


57.     Splint  Basket 

Material — Colored  splints  of  different  widths. 

Take  eighteen  splints  14  inches  long  and  %  of  an  inch  wide. 
Place  nine  of  them  in  a  horizontal  position,  and  with  the  other 

nine  weave  a  mat  4^-^  inches  square, 
for  the  bottom  of  the  basket.  Leave 
the  ends  the  sarae  length  on  each  of 
the  four  sides.  Wet  the  splints  around 
the  edge  of  the  mat,  or  bottom,  so  that 
thev  will  bend  easily.  Turn  them  up 
for  the  .sides. 

Take  six  splints  Y2  of  an  inch  wide 
and  22  inches  long,  for  the  sides  of  the 
basket.  Weave  under  one  and  over 
one,  until  vou  are  around  the  ba.sket, 
then  lap  the  weaver  over  and  under 
the  same  ribs,  as  at  the  beginning. 
Take  the  second  weaver  and  work  in 
the  same  way,  then  the  third,  etc. 
AVhen  you  have  the  sides  woven  to 
within  I  Vz  inches  of  the  end  of  the 
ribs,  finish  the  top  by  bending  every 
other  rib  to  the  inside,  being  careful 
to  take  the  rib  that  holds  the  last 
weaver  in  place.  Push  this  rib  under  the  third  weaver  from  the 
top.  This  will  hold  it  in  place.  Cut  off  the  ribs  left  upright,  and 
the  simplest  splint  basket  is  finished.  This  may  be  varied  in 
many  ways. 

Ways  of  Finishing  the  Tops  of  Splint  Baskets.  After  the  ribs  are 
fastened  down,  take  a  splint  the  width  of  the  last  weaver.  Place 
this  inside,  at  the  top  <^f  the  basket,  and  take  some  sweet  grass  for 

88 


Splint  baskets 


Third  Year    U'or/c 

a  roll,  on  the  outside  of  the  basket.  Bind  these  to  the  top  of  the 
basket  with  a  very  narrow  splint,  as  follows :  Hold  the  splint  and 
grass  in  place  with  the  left  hand,  and  with  the  right  hand  take  the 
narrow  splint,  )i  of  an  inch  wide,  and  sew  over  and  over,  between 
each  rib  of  the  basket.  If  the  ribs  are  very  far  apart,  when  you 
have  sewed  around  once,  turn  and  go  back  in  the  opposite  direc- 
tion.    This  will  make  the  stitches  cross  upon  the  top. 


The  bottom  of  a  round  splint  basket,  and  completed  basket 


Edge  No.  2.  After  the  ribs  are  fastened,  hold  the  basket  with 
the  outside  toward  you.  Take  a  long  splint  the  width  of  the 
weaver.  Pass  this  under  any  rib  that  has  been  fastened  down,  on 
the  top  row.  Pull  this  toward  you,  then  turn  this  splint  from  you 
and  push  it  under  the  rib,  in  the  second  row  from  the  top,  just 
under  where  it  came  out  in  the  first  row.  Pull  this  splint  toward 
you,  leaving  a  little  roll.     Put  the  end  under  the  next  rib  on  the 

Sg 


I  ml  II  s  t  r  i  a  I   ]\'ork 

top  roAv.  Leave  a  little  roll  in  the  splint  and  pass  to  the  next  rib, 
on  the  seeond  row.  Proeeed  in  this  way  until  the  top  is  finished. 
Join  the  end  under  any  rib. 

If  you  wish  little  handles  upon  the  side,  make  a  ring  about 
6  inehes  in  eireumferenee,  having  splint  upon  the  inside  and 
sweet  grass  upon  the  outside.  Bind  these  together  with  the 
narrow  splint,  sewing   over   and   over. 

To  fasten  the  rings  to  the  basket,  take  a  piece  of  splint  the 
width  of  the  ribs.  Fold  it  around  the  ring,  and  push  the  ends 
down  under  the  weavers  and  over  the  rib,  at  the  middle  of  the 
basket. 

In  weaving  these  baskets,  many  beautiful  effects  are  secured  by 
using  weavers  of  different  widths.  Sometimes  take  the  ribs  ^  of 
an  inch  wide  and  have  the  weavers  only  'g  of  an  inch  wide.  Weave 
several  rows  with  the  splints,  then  make  a  border,  using  sweet 
grass  and  splints. 

The  basket  in  the  cut  has  a  braid  of  sweet  grass  fastened  in 
with  the  fancy  weave.  The  two  rows  of  weaving  and  the  roll,  or 
fancy  weave,  are  of  green. 

The  round  baskets  are  made  in  the  same  way,  only  the  splints 
are  crossed  upon  the  bottom  instead  of  being  woven  like  a  mat. 

RATTAX    WORK 

TERMS    USED 

The  ribs  or  spokes  form  the  foundation  of  the  basket. 

The  weaver  is  the  piece  of  rattan  which  is  worked  in  and  out 
between  the  spokes  of  the  basket. 

Single  weaving.  In  this  the  weaver  is  placed  behind  one  spoke, 
then  in  front  of  the  next  spoke,  etc.,  thus  alternating. 

Double  7oea:'iiig.  This  is  where  two  weavers  are  used  in  the 
place  of  one,  and  in  the  same  way  and  at  the  same  time. 

go 


Third  Year   Work 


licgwinmg  o]  a   livrcii   riittiUi   iiuil 


91 


Industrial   JFor/c 

Pairing.  Two  weavers  are  used,  one  passinj^  behind  and  the 
other  in  front  of  the  same  spoke.  To  vary  this,  as  the  weavers 
are  passed  to  the  next  spoke,  cross  them,  so  that  the  lower  weaver 
will  take  the  place  of  the  tipper.  This  may  be  used  either  with  an 
odd  or  even  number  of  spokes. 

Triple  ti^'ist.  In  the  triple  twist  three  weavers  are  placed 
behind  three  consecutive  spokes.  Take  the  back  weaver,  bring  it 
in  front  of  two  spokes  and  behind  one.  Then  take  the  weaver 
next  to  this,  and  work  in  the  same  way.  in  front  of  t^^•o  spokes  and 
behind  one. 

In  turning  up  the  sides  of  baskets  where  additional  spokes 
have  been  inserted,  this  is  a  very  good  weave  to  use,  because  it 
entirelv  hides  the  spokes  it  crosses,  it  is  also  often  used  as  a 
dividing  line,  where  a  different  weave  is  desired,  and  also  at  the 
top  of  a  basket,  as  a  finish,  before  making  the  border. 

Rattan  must  always  be  soaked  in  cold  water  and  kept  wet 
while  working,  to  prevent  its  breaking.  Ten  minutes  for  No.  i. 
and  one-half  of  an  hour  for  No.  4,  will  be  about  right.  Too  much 
soaking  makes  the  rattan  dark  and  rough. 

58.     Rattan  Mat 

Material — Rattan  Nos.  3  and  1. 

Seven  spokes  of  No.  3,  14  inches  long,  and  one  spoke  of  No.  3, 
8  inches  long.     Weavers  of  No.  i . 

Find  the  center  of  four  of  the  long  spokes,  and  with  a  sharp 
knife  make  a  slit  yi  of  an  inch  in  each.  Through  these  .slits  insert 
the  other  three  long  spokes,  making  a  cross  like  the  one  shown  in 
the  cut.    Insert  the  .short  spoke  until  the  end  shows  on  the  other  side. 

Take  the  weaver  and  push  it  down  beside  the  three  spokes, 
then  pass  it  in  front  of  the  four,  behind  the  next  four,  in  front  of 

92 


Rattan  mats — shozvtuf^  iJie  process  of  making 


J  lid  us  I  r  i  a  I   Work 

the  next  four,  and  behind  the  three—- tlien  bend  the  weaver  in 
front  of  the  same  three,  baek  of  the  fonr,  in  front  of  the  next  four, 
back  of  the  next  four,  and  in  front  of  the  three.  Weave  in  this 
way  until  the  weaver  shows  twice  all  the  way  around.  vSeparate 
each  spoke,  and  wea\'e  under  one  and  oN'er  one,  until  you  come  to 
the  end  of  the  weaver.  Pass  this  end  behind  a  spoke,  and  cross 
the  new  weaver  behind  the  same  spoke.  Hold  the  ends  in  place 
with  the  fint^ers  until  you  have  woven  once  around.  Proceed  in 
this  way  until  4)^2  inches  of  the  spokes  are  left  on  each  side  of  the 
mat.  Push  the  end  of  the  weaver  down  beside  a  spoke,  to  hold 
the  weaving  taut. 

Wet  the  spokes  until  they  bend  easily,  point  each  one  and  bring 
it  in  front  of  the  next  spoke  to  the  left,  and  push  it  down  beside 
the  second  spoke. 

Be  careful  to  have  this  border  even,  and  the  spokes  pushed 
down  the  same  length,  as  the  beauty  of  the  mat  depends  upon  its 
evenness.  See  that  the  mat  is  perfectly  flat,  because  it  will  dry 
as  left. 

59.     Rattan  Basket  No.   i 

Material — Rattan  Nos.  4  and  2. 

Eight  spokes  of  No.  4,  20  inches  long,  and  one  spoke  of  Xo.  4, 
1 1  inches  long.     Weavers  of  No.  2. 

Begin  the  basket  according  to  directions  given  for  the  mat, 
and  weave  until  the  diameter  is  about  4  inches. 

Wet  the  spokes  and  turn  up  each  one  as  the  weaver  passes  it, 
drawing  the  weaver  a  little  tight. 

Hold  the  right  side  of  the  basket  toward  you,  and  weave  from 
left  to  right.  Keep  the  rows  of  weaving  close  together,  and  an 
even  distance  between  each  spoke.  If  a  spoke  is  skipped  in  the 
weaving,  unwind  and  make  the  weaving  right.  One  mistake 
often  spoils  the  effect  of  the  entire  work. 

94 


Third   )\'ar    W'ork 

The  sides  should  flare  evenly,  and  it  is  well  t(j  stand  the  basket 
upon  the  desk  and  turn  it  around  slowly  to  see  if  it  is  even. 

Continue  the  under  and  over  weave  until  you  are  ready  for  the 
border.  Fasten  the  weaver  by  pushing  the  end  down  beside  the 
spoke.  '-%'^>"\ 


Rattan   baskets 


Make  an  open  border  the  same  as  the  mat,  or  a  simple  closed 
border  as  follows:  Take  spoke  No.  i,  bring  it  behind  No.  2  and 
in  front  of  No.  3.  Take  No.  2  and  bring  it  behind  No.  3  and  in 
front  of  No.  4.  Proceed  in  this  way  until  all  of  the  ends  are  on 
the  outside  of  the  basket.  Begin  with  any  spoke  and  bring  it  in 
front  of  two  spokes  and  behind  the  next,  leaving  the  end  inside 
of  the  basket.  Repeat  until  all  of  the  ends  are  inside.  Length  of 
spokes  required  for  this  border  is  6  inches.  After  the  basket  is 
dry,  cut  off  the  ends. 

If  variety  in  color  is  desired,  use  colored  rattan  either  as  a 
border  or  in  the  triple  weave,  separating  the  body  of  the  basket 
from  the  border.  AVhere  three  weavers  are  used  as  one  (see 
illustration)  the  middle  weaver  mav  be  of  the  colored  rattan. 


9j 


/ ml II s I r i (.1 1   Work 

60.     Rattan  Basket  No.  2 

Material ~~  Rattan  Nos.  2  and  4. 

Eight  spokes  of  No.  4,  24  inches  lon<^,  and  one  spoke  of  Xo.  4, 
13  inches  long.     Weaver  of  No.  2. 

Weave  a  base  about  6  inches  in  diameter.  Take  sixteen  spokes 
10  inches  long,  sharpen  the  ends  and  push  one  down  beside  each 
spoke,  except  the  last,  making  thirty-three  spokes  in  all. 

Wet  the  .spokes  and  bend  them  up  for  the  sides. 

Use  the  triple  twi.st  for  the  fir.st  three  rows.  Then  weave 
about  I  y'z  inches  of  the  plain  under  and  over  weave,  one  row  of 
triple  twist,  three  rows  of  double  weaving  (which  is  simply  two 


Ratlaii   thread  baskets 

weavers  laid  side  by  side  and  used  as  one),  and  one  row  of  triple 
twist.  Finish  with  the  plain  weave  and  make  the  border  as  fol- 
lows: One  row  of  triple  twist,  then  bring  each  spoke  back  of  one 
and  in  front  of  two  spokes,  and  inside  the  basket. 

When  dry.  cut  each  spoke  long  enough  to  lie  across  the  next. 

96 


TJiirJ   )'car    U^or/c 


6i.     Rattan  Basket  No.  3 

Material  —  Rattan  Xos.  2  and  4. 

Make  the  bottom  any  size 
desired,  and  when  ready  to  turn 
np  the  spokes  for  the  sides 
insert  a  new  spoke  at  the  side  of 
each  one  used.  (Remember  t(^ 
keep  an  odd  number  of  spokes.  1 
Do  not  separate  these  spokes, 
but  use  the  two  as  one. 

When  you  turn  up  the  sides, 
use  the  triple  weave  to  cover 
the  joining. 

Weave  the  plain  weave  for 
I  inch,  then  use  the  double 
weaving  for  the  remainder  of 
the  ba.sket. 

Finish  with  closed  border  as 
follows  :  Using  the  two  spokes 
as  one,  take  any  spoke  and  pass  it  behind  the  first  one,  to  the  right, 
in  front  of  the  next,  and  inside  the  basket.  Repeat  in  the  same 
way  until  all  spokes  are  inside  the  basket.     (See  low  basket  in  cut.) 

The  shape  of  the  basket  depends  upon  the  way  the  spokes  are 
held  in  the  weaving,  and  upon  the  evenness  of  the  weaving. 

If  you  wish  a  cover,  start  it  in  the  same  way  as  the  bottom  of 
the  basket,  and  if  you  have  double  spokes  in  the  basket,  have  them 
in  the  cover.  If  you  have  a  fancy  weave  in  the  side  of  the  basket, 
weave  the  cover  to  correspond  with  it.  ^Make  the  border  of  the 
cover  the  same  as  the  basket. 

To  fasten  the  cover  to  the  basket,  take  a  piece  of  rattan,  put  it 
around  one  of  the   spokes  of  the  cover,  just  below  the   border. 


.4;/   nufiuisJicd  rattan  basket 


97 


I  ml  II  s  I  r  ia  I   Work 


Twist  the  two  ends  together,  allowing;  sufficient  to  pass  across  both 
the  border  of  the  cover  and  of  the  basket,  and  fasten  it  aronnd  a 

spoke  of  the  basket,  just  below 
the  border;  push  the  two  ends 
down  beside  the  spoke. 


.4  dolFs  dotlics  basket,  or  waste  paper  basket 

You  can  vary  the  baskets   in   many  ways   bv  usinj^'   ditTerent 
■z^'caves,  different  sizes  of  rattan,  and  b\'  niakinjj,-  different  shapes. 

62.     Braided  Raffia  Work 

Let  the  children  understand  from  the  hrst  that  tliey  are  to  make 
somethino-  of  their  braids — a  bookmark,  a  doll's  hat,  a  basket,  a 


bag,   a   belt,  ov  a  mat 
inu'  first. 


Teach  three-strand  braid- 


Fa //cy  rattan  baskets 
gS 


I'll  in!    )'car    ]\'ork 

Use  several  strands  of  raffia  as  one,  in  early  work.  Tie  a  knot 
at  the  end,  to  hold  the  strands  together,  and  ahvays  fasten  the 
work  to  the  desk  or  to  the  knee. 

When  the  raffia  becomes  small,  or  is  near  the  end,  place  in 
another  strand  of  laffia,  and  be  careful  not  to  join  several  at  the 
same  time.     Lap  and  do  not  tie. 


^T 


63.     Four-Strand  Braiding 

Select  four  coarse  threads  of  raffia.  Tie  a  knot  in  the  end,  and 
fasten  the  work  to  the  desk  or  knee.  Number  the  first  strand  from 
the  right  i,  the  next  2,  next  3,  and  next  4.  Begin  in  the  middle. 
Cross  2  over  3  and  under  4 — then  3  over  1.  Still  working  from 
the  middle  cross  i  over  4  (you  then  have  two  strands  at  the  right 
and  tvro  at  the  left).  Now  work  from  the  outside:  Fold  the  top 
strand,  at  the  left,  over  the  lower  strand,  then  the  top  strand,  at 
the  right,  under  the  one  below  it  and  over  the  next,  crossing  to  the 
left  side.  Proceed  in  this  way,  working  first  from  the  left,  then 
from  the  right,  keeping  the  two  strands  to  the  right  and  two  to  the 
left,  until  you  have  the  required  length.  When  braiding  more 
than  three  strands,  always  cross  the  center  strands  first.  With  an 
even  number  of  strands  one  outside  strand  will  always  fold  under, 
the  other  will  fold  over.  With  an  odd  number  the  two  outside 
strands  will  fold  the  same  way.  In  a  five-strand  braid  cross  the  3 
over  the  4  and  under  the  5,  then  4  over  2  and  under  1,  then  2  over 


99 


Braided  raffia  bookuiarks,  mats,  and  belts 


Third   Year    Jf'or/c 

5  and  the  5  over  the  i.  You  then  have  three 
strands  on  the  left  and  two  on  the  ricrht.  Beo-in 
at  the  left  and  fold  the  upper  strand  over  the 
strand  next  below  and  under  the  next.  Begin  at  the 
right  side,  fold  the  upper  strand  (n'er  the  one  below 
and  under  the  next.  Repeat  in  the  same  order, 
first  on  the  left  side,  then  on  the  right.  In  the 
uneven  strands  one  side  is  just  a  repetition  of  the 
other.  In  all  braiding,  fold  the  .sides  over  evenlv. 
or  the  work  will  not  be  satisfactory. 

64.     Bookmark 

Material — Five  strands  of  raffia,  three  of  tan.  and 
two  of  green. 
Braid  a  five-strand  braid  from  6  to  S  inches  lonof. 
Tie  a  knot  at  each  end  of   the  braid,  leaving  2 
inches  for  a  fringe. 

65.  Mat 

Braid  a  four  or  five-strand  braid.  vSew  the  edges 
together  with  fine  raffia. 

66.  Bag 

^Make  two  mats  the  desired  .size.  Sew  the 
edges  together,  two-thirds  of  the  way  around,  and 
make  a  handle  of  braided  raffia. 


General  Work 

The  general  lines  of  Avork  should  all  !)c  continued 
and  broadened  in  connection  with  the  subject-matter     Braided  raffia 
taught.       flaking,  as  an   expression  of    tlie    thought  purses 

lOI 


fnditsti'ial  Work 


10     A 


gained,  sliould  always  be  encouraged,  and  the  crudest  efforts  freely 
appreciated.  The  study  of  textiles  should  be  an  important  part  of  the 
work  of  this  year,  and  experiments  in  spinning,  weaving,  dyeing,  and 
designing  should  be  encouraged. 

In  connection  with  geography  and  nature  study, 
weather  calendars,  weather  signals,  and  thermometers 
should  be  made.  The  imaginary  journey  work  will 
call  for  mounted  pictures  and  scrap  books  containing 
pictures  of  places  of  interest,  animaks,  flowers,  modes 
of  living,  etc. 

Number  work  demands  yard  and  foot  rules,  boxes 
of  different  sizes,  clocks,  scales  for  weighing,  etc. 
These  are  all  easily  made,  and  a  deep  interest  in  the 
work  is  aroused  through  the  making. 

Third-grade  drawing  furnishes  numberless  oppor- 
tunities for  making,  in  the  w^ay  of  decorating  calendars 
and  cards;  lettering  booklets,  cards,  and  posters;  the 
illustration  of  poems,  and  water-color  sketching  of 
many  kinds. 

Simple  work  in  sewing  is  most  desirable,  and  bags 
and  many  useful  articles  are  easily  made. 

Whittling  is  excellent,  and,  whenever  possible, 
should  be  used.  The  locality,  needs  of  the  children, 
and  the  amount  of  money  that  can  be  expended, 
should  always  be  considered  in  plannmg  and  arrang- 
ing a  course  of  handwork. 

"A  considerable  degree  of  hand-skill,  in  some 
directions,  gives  a  child  an  ability  to  interpret  the 
vast  industrial  world  about  him." 

"Manual  skill  and  labor  favorably  affect  the 
emotions,  preserve  the  disposition,  and  give  elasticity 
and  health  to  the  entire  physical  system." 

.4  thermometer  "A    child's    interest    in    making    things,  and    his 


102 


Th  i  r  d   >  'c  a  r   IJ^o  r  k 

delight  in  what  he  has  made,  are  facts  that  give  a  teacher  tremendous 
power  over  his  activity.  If  you  awaken  these  feelings  and  develop 
them,  you  can  do  what  you  like  with  him." 

"  Let  me  have  the  training  in  doing  things  of  the  young  minds  in 
young  students,  and  I  will  settle  all  your  labor  troubles,  all  your  dis- 
content, and  I  can  make  happy,  health}-,  and  enthusiastic  doers  of 
work." 

—  I'raiuis   11'.   Parker. 


A  clothes  basket 


lo 


I  ml  II  s  1 1-  ia  I   \W)rk 


vy 


Lt  ^"    -^-   /'       '  '" 


£'<'"^:f--«J     ill;  ".J    'i     ;• -~,''''«iil 

■4:  :^c  ■•.<"  ^-^^^^ 


/I   rattan  and  raffia  fan 


T04 


Third   Year    li ^o r k 

WHICH  IS  YOUR  KIND? 

There  are  two  kinds  of  people  on  earth  to-day, 
Just  two  kinds  of  people  —  no  more,  I  say. 

Not  the  sinner  and  saint,  for  'tis  well  understood 
The  good  are  half  bad,  and  the  bad  are  half  good. 

Not  the  rich  and  the  poor,  for  to  count  a  man's  wealth, 
You  must  first  know  the  state  (jf  his  conscience  and  health. 

Not  the  humble  and  proud,  for  in  life's  little  span, 
Who  puts  on  vain  airs  is  not  counted  a  man. 

Not  the  happy  and  sad,  for  the  swift-flying  years 
Bring  each  man  his  laughter  and  each  man  his  tears. 

No  ;  the  two  kinds  of  people  on  earth,  I  mean, 
Are  the  people  who  lift  and  the  people  who  lean. 

Wherever  you  go  you  will  find  the  world's  masses 
Are  always  divided  into  just  these  two  classes. 

And  oddly  enough,  you  will  find,  too,  I  ween. 
There  is  only  one  lifter  to  twenty  who  lean. 

In  which  class  are  you  ?     Are  you  easing  the  load 
Of  overtaxed  lifters  who  toil  down  the  road  ? 

Or  are  3'ou  a  leaner,  who  lets  others  bear 
Your  portion  of  labor  and  worry  and  care  ? 

—].:ila   \]'luu-hr   Wilcox. 


105 


io6 


FOURTH  OR  FIFTH  YEAR  WORK 

SHADOWS 

In  my  path  a  shadow  lay, 

vStretched  before  me  loiii;-  and  dark; 

And  I  feared  the  next  step  onward, 
With  a  heaviness  of  heart. 

And  I  tripped  and  stumbled  blindly 

'  Over  stones  I  eould  not  see  ; 
When  a  voiee  of  silver  sweetness 
Called  from  overhead  to  me:  — 

•'  Turn  about,  O  weary  traveler. 

Face  the  sunlioht  of  (jod's  day  ; 
'Tis  yourself  that  casts  the  shadow 

That  is  darkenino-  your  way. 

"  FaVe  the  light,  so  shall  the  shadow 
Lie  behind  thee,  —  seen  no  more; 

And  the  stones  o'er  which  you  stumbled 
Shall  lead  up  to  Heaven's  door." 

As  I  turned  to  hear  the  message, 

Slowly  turned  the  shadow,  too. 
"Could  i't  be."   I   thought  in  wonder, 

"That  the  angel  voice  spake  true?" 

Yes,  'twas  self  that  cast  the  shadow, 

I  have  proved  it  many  a  time  ; 
For  Fm  facing  God's  bright  sunlight, 

And  the  shadow  lies  behind. 

—Annie  Marie  Hlisi. 


loy 


lied  stitch  rattan 
and  rafpa  mats 


J luhts I r ial   Work 

There  is  a  time  in  every  man's  edueation 
when  he  arrives  at  the  eonvietion  that  envy  is 
io-norance  ;  that  imitation  is  suicide  ;  that  he  must 
take  himself  for  better,  for  worse,  as  his  portion  ; 
and  though  the  wide  universe  is  full  of  good,  no 
kernel  of  nourishing  corn  can  come  to  him  but 
through  his  toil  bestowed  on  that  plot  of  ground 
which  is  given  him  to  till. 

—  Ralph    Waldo  E/zwrsoii. 

There  is   really  no  conflict  between    manual 

training  and   the  so-called    fundamental    studies. 

The  energy  and  vigor,  moral,  mental,  and  physical, 

acquired  in  maniuil   training  may  be  carried  into 

all  studies.  j^        ■    i,-    n     u 

— Francis   11  .  Parker. 

''  The  nature  of  the  conscious  activities  to  be 
expressed  determines  the  quality  of  the  skill.  In 
the  striving  of  the  soul  to  make  the  expression 
adequate  to  the  thought,  lies  the  highest  possible 
and  most  educative  exercise  of  skill." 

"  The  educational  value  of  this  form  of  manual 
training  cannot  be  overestimated.  First,  it  is 
pleasing  to  the  child,  and  thus  the  desire  to  create 
is  stimulated  and  the  inventive  faculties  cultivated. 
Symmetry,  form,  and  proportion  are  taught,  and 
both  hand  and  eye  trained  to  accuracy,  while  the 
observing  faculties  are  aroused  to  notice  designs 
and  shapes  in  various  manufactured  articles." 

67.     Tied  Stitch  Mat 

Material — Rattan  Xo.  2  and  raffia. 

vSoak  the  rattan  until  it  will  coil  easily. 
Thread  a  tapestry  needle  with  the  raffia  and 
wind  the  end  of  the  coil  for  Vz  of  an  inch  and 
fasten  it  together  in  a  small  ring.  Wind. /;7V// 
)w/,  twice  around  the  rattan  and  put  the  needle 

108 


Fourth  or  Fifth    ]'car    W^ork 


tlirough  the  ring-,  from  the  back  to  the  front.  P)ring  the  raffia  up 
in  front  of  the  ring  and  rattan,  over  to  the  back  and  throuirh  to 
the  front,  between  the  rattan  and. ring.  Cross  over  the  long  stitch, 
that  holds  the  rattan  and  ring  together,  to  the  right,  and  put  the 
needle  between  the  rattan  and  ring,  from  front  to  back.  Bring 
the  raffia  across  the  back  of  the  stitch  and  under  the  rattan  to  the 
front.  This  makes  the  tie.  Wind  twice  around  the  rattan,  from 
you,  through  the  ring,  from  the  back,  o\'er  the  w(»rk  and  through 
to  the  front,  between  the  rattan  and  ring,  and  tie  as  before. 
Continue  in  the  same  way  until  the  ring  is  full.  Fasten  the  third 
row  to  the  second,  instead  of  to  the  ring. 

Make  the  mat  the  desired  size,  then  point  the  end  of  the  rattan 
and  fasten  the  raffia. 

Put  in  a  simple  pattern  with  colored  raffia.     (  See  cut.) 

68.     Tied  Stitch  Basket 

Material —  Rattan  any  size,  and  raffia. 

Begin  the  basket  accord- 
ing to  directions  given  for 
the  tied  stitch  mat.  Keep 
the  bottom  perfectly  flat,  and 
the  raffia  smooth 


Tied  stitch  baskets 
log 


I )i(/ II s  I r i a  I   Work 


Tied  stitch  rattan  and  raffia  baskets — made  by  Miimeapolis  school  chihiren 


no 


Foiirlh  o I-  Fifth    Year    Work 


See  that  the  raffia  is  drawn  ti^^htly,  keeping  the  coil  ch^se  to  the 
coil  below. 

To  make  the  sides  of  the  basket,  hold  the  rattan  on  top  of  the 
preceding  coil  and  Hare  it  as  much  as  you  choose. 


Bottom  oj  a  tied  stitch  basket,  ami  unfinished  basinet 

AVhen  ready  for  a  new  rattan,  splice  as  follows:  Cut  away  the 
upper  half  of  about  ^  of  an  inch  of  one  piece,  and  the  lower  half 
of  the  same  length  of  the  other  piece.  Place  them  together  and 
they  will  be  the  same  size  as  the  coil. 

JMake  the  same  stitch  as  for  the  mat,  winding  from  you  twice 
around  the  upper  coil,  and  then  taking  a  stitch  under  the  rattan, 
below,  and  cross  over  the  stitch  which  fastens  the  coils  together. 

When  ready  to  finish  off  the  top,  cut  the  sides  of  the  rattan. 

/// 


Fourth  or  Fifth    Year    ]]^ork 

pointing  it  gradually  for  i  inch,  and  fasten  it  to  the  coil  below, 
or  hold  the  rattan  to  the  outside  of  the  last  coil,  and  make  a  row  of 
two  coils  on  the  top. 

The  beauty  of  the  basket  will  depend  upon  the  evenness  of  the 
coil,  and  the  winding  of  the  raffia.  In  form,  it  may  be  a  shallow- 
tray  or  an  exquisite  vase  shape. 


69.    Solid  Raffia  Basket  or  Plaque 

Matcriat —  Raffia. 

Take  strands  of   raffia   and   make  the    coil    the  desired    size. 
Twelve  or  fifteen  make  a  good  coil. 

Thread  a  large  tapestry  needle  with  raffia,  and  wind  the  end  of 
the  coil  and  fasten  it  together  as  closely  as  possible.  Wind  the 
raffia  around  the  coil 
two  or  three  times, 
and  put  the  needle 
through  the  top  or  cen- 
ter of  the  coil  below, 
from  front  to  back,  or 
under  the  coil,  if  you 
prefer.  If  put  under 
the  coil,  it  is  best  to  tie 
the  stitch  the  same  as 
in  the  tied  stitch  basket 
and  mat.  (See  cut  of  un- 
finished raffia  baskets.) 

Many  beautiful  de- 
signs are  made  b}-  using 
the  upright  stitches 
sewed  in  such  a  way  as 
to  f(^rm  the  pattern. 


A  solid  raffia  plaque 


II 


Fourth  or  Fifth    Year    Work 


The  beautiful  spiral  effeet  is  produeed  by  putlini^  as  many 
stitches  as  possible  into  the  first  round,  and  then  takino-  each  stitch 
to  the  right  of  the  one  preced- 
ing it.  When  the  stitches  be- 
come too  far  apart,  put  a  new 
stitch  between  each  one,  and 
proceed  as  before. 

Instead  of  using  raffia  for 
the  filling,  sweet  grass,  hemp, 
or  even  hay  may  be  used. 

One  of  the  large  plaques 
in  the  illustration  was  made 
with  raffia  wound  o\'er  hay. 
Several  of  the  baskets  were 
made  over  grass  twine.  When 
you  put  in  the  pattern,  use 
two  needles,  one  threaded 
with  white  and  one  with  colored  raffia.  Pass  the  thread  not  in  use 
along  the  coil  and  take  up  the  color  as  needed. 

There  is  no  stitch  that  admits  of  greater  variety  than  this  one. 

When  the  basket  or  plac[ue  is  ready  to  finish,  either  cut  the  coil 
a  short  distance  from  the  winding,,  or  gradually  diminish  the  coil 
and  wdnd  it  to  the  end. 


A   solid  raffia  plaque 


70.     Indian  Stitch  Basket 

Material — Rattan  and  raffia. 

Use  a  large  size  nittan,  with  a  strand  of  raffia  passed  along  the 
top,  for  the  coil. 

Thread  a  fine  tapestry  needle  with  fine  raffia. 

Soak  the  rattan  until  it  will  bend  easily.  Wrap  the  end  with 
raffia  and  fasten  it  toofether.     Put  the  thread  of  raffia  over  the 


II 


I  lul  II  s  [  r  id  I   Work 


A)i   Indian   stitch  basket 


A   solid  raffia  basket 


Solid  raffia  plaques 
Il6 


FourtJi  or  FiftJi    Year    Work 

rattan  once  and  sew  into  the  strand  of  raffia  at  the  top  of  the  rattan. 
Sew  from  yon,  pnttin^^  the  needle  from  front  to  back  each  time. 
This  is  simply  an  over-and-over  stiteh,  over  the  rattan  onee  and 
stitch  into  the  raffia  each  time. 

]\Iany  very  beautiful  Indian  baskets  are  made  with  this  stiteh. 
Use  two  needles  when  pntting  in  the  pattern. 

Finish  the  top  according  to  directions  already  given  for  coiled 
baskets. 


Indian  stitch  baskets 

The  shape  is  made  according  to  the  way  you  hold  the  rattan. 
jSInch  of  the  beauty  of  the  basket  depends  upon  the  fineness  of 
the  raffia  nscd  for  sewing,  and  the  evenness  of  the  stitches. 

71.     Raffia  Porch  Pillow  No.  i 

Material — White  and  colored  raffia. 

This  pillow  is  made  on  a  22  x  25-inch  wooden  loom.  The  warp 
and  v^'oof  are  both  of  raffia. 


// 


Industrial   Work 

To  string-  the  loom  take  ten  pieees  of  raffia,  with  the  eoarse 
ends  together.  Hold  them  in  the  left  hand,  and  with  the  right 
hand  bring  the  ends  around  the  erossbar,  at  the  top  of  the  loom, 


^> 


A  pillow  loom 

then  over  the  bunch  of  raffia,  then  under  and  out.  This  ties  a 
single  knot  and  brings  the  bunch  of  raffia  at  the  top  of  the  cross- 
bar.    Pull    the  bunch  straight    across    the    loom,    on    top    of    the 

ii8 


Fourth  or  FiftJi    Year    Work 

crossbar,  and  around  the  bar  to  the  underside.  Now  separate  the 
raffia  in  halves,  and  bring  each  half  up  around  the  bunch  and  tie 
twice,  on  top  of  the  bar,  so  it  will  not  slip. 

Take  another  bunch  and  tie  the  large  end  close  to  the  end  just 
tied.  Pull  this  straight  across  at  the  top  of  the  bar,  divide  it  in 
halves,  and  tie  as  before.  In  this  way  the  large  end  will  be  tied, 
first,  at  the  top  of  the  loom ;  second,  at  the  bottom ;  third,  at  the 
top,  etc.  This  will  keep  the  warp  even.  Tie  the  bunches  of  raffia 
close  enough  together  to  weave  smoothly,  until  you  have  the  desired 
width. 

Thread  a  large  darning  needle  with  raffia.  Fasten  the  end  of 
the  thread  at  the  upper  right  corner,  about  ]A  of  an  inch  from  the 
crossbar,  and  tie  around  the  first  bunch,  buttonhole  stitch.  Pass 
the  thread  to  the  next  bunch,  and  tie  each  bunch  in  this  way  until 
you  have  tied  across  the  entire  end.  Be  careful  in  tying  to  keep 
the  bunches  the  same  distance  apart. 

For  the  Aveaving  needle  take  a  piece  of  wood  about  y^  of  an 
inch  thick,  i  inch  wide,  and  22  inches  long.  Make  this  smooth 
and  even.  Cut  a  hole  in  the  large  end  I4  x  Vj  inches,  for  the  eye 
of  the  needle. 

Thread  the  needle  with  ten  strands  of  raffia,  and  weave  under 
one  bunch  and  over  one,  leaving  about  5  inches  of  raffia  for  the 
fringe.  Weave  in  this  way  until  five  or  six  rows  are  woven,  then 
push  the  woof  together  as  closely  as  possible.  Continue  weaving 
in  this  wav  until  you  have  a  square.  There  will  not  be  as  many 
rows  in  the  wo<,>f  as  the  warp,  but  you  must  keep  pushing  the  woof 
close  together. 

When  the  woof  is  all  in,  buttonhole  across  the  end,  measure 
often  with  the  opposite  end  to  keep  it  the  same  width.  Now  but- 
tonhole down  each  side,  pulling  the  Avoof  and  pushing  the  warp 
close  together  at  the  sides. 


^''  .......  ^, 

'    if  a 


A;/  tin  finis  Jied  raffia  porch  pillow 


Fourth  or  Fifth    Year   Work 

Cut  the  fring-e  about  5  inches  long,  untie  the  raffia  at  the  oppo- 
site end.  Cut  this  and  the  sides  to  correspond,  and  one-half  of  the 
pillow  is  finished. 


ir^ 


r^-m-^-t-Xif  -  ir-^  ^ 


A   rajjia  porch  pillow 


Weave  another  square  just  the  size  of  this,  buttonhole  the  two 
sides  together,  leaving  room  at  one  end  to  fill  the  pillow. 

Use  all  the  ends  of  raffia  not  used  in  the  weaving,  to  stuff  the 
pillow.     Mix  in  some  excelsior,  as  it  does  not  mat  down  quickly. 

When  the  pillow  is  stuffed  as  full  as  you  wish,  join  the  opening 
with  the  buttonhole  stitch. 


121 


I  till  II  si  r  ia  I   Work 


Different  designs  can  be  made  \)\  nsing  color  in  both  the  warp 
and  the  woof. 

The  piUow  shown  in  the  cut  was  made  as  follows  : 


Warp 
3  bunches  of  white 
I  bunch  of  brcjwn 
3  bunches  of  white 
I  bunch  of  brown 
3  bunches  of  white 
I  bunch  of  brown 
3  bunches  of  white 
I  bunch  of  brown  (middle  row 
Repeat  in  reverse  order. 


Woof 
3  bunches  of  white 
3  bunches  of  brown 
3  bunches  of  white 
3  bunches  of  brown 
3  bunches  of  white  (middle  row) 
Repeat  in  reverse  order. 


A   raffia  porcli  pillow 
122 


Fourth  or  Fifth    )'car    Work 


72.     Porch  Pillow  No.  2 

Another  very  attractive  pillow  can  be  made  as  follows 


3  bunches  of  white 
I  bunch  of  red 
I  bunch  of  white 
3  bunches  of  green 
I  bunch  of  white 
I  bunch  of  red 


Warp 


7  bunches  of  white 
I  bunch  of  red 

I  bunch  of  white  (middle  row) 
Repeat  in  reverse  order. 
Weave  the  woof  in  the  same  order 
as  the  warp. 


73.     Porch  Pillow  No.  3 

Hack  of  Pii/oi.' 
5  bunches  of  white 


1  bunch  of  blue 

Repeat  until  it  is  the  right  size. 
Same  order  with  the  W(^of. 
Weave  the  woof  the  same  as  the 
warp. 


I'j-oiif  of  Pillow 

3  bunches  of  white 

3  bunches  of  blue 

3  bunches  of  white 

1  bunch  of  blue 

3  bunches  of  white 

3  bunches  of  blue 

3  bunches  of  white 

I  bunch  of  blue  (middle  row) 

Repeat  in  reverse  order. 


74.     Bead  Chains,  Belts,  Purses,  Etc. 

Malcrial  —  Loom,  No.  100  linen  thread,  Xo.  \i  crewel  needle,  and 
small  beads. 

The  chains  are  made  in  different  widths,  some  being  only  three 
beads  wide,  while  others  are  five,  seven,  or  nine  beads  in  width, 
according  to  the  fancy  of  the  maker. 

Alwavs  string  the  loom  with  one  thread  more  than  tlie  number 
of  beads  in  the  width  of  the  chain. 

If  you  wish  a  chain  60  inches  long  and  five  beads  wide,  adjust 
yotir  loom  so  that  the  distance  around  it  will  be  60  inches. 


121 


^^^^Hpl^^B 

^^^^B^v^;]^^K 

^^^^^^ft^^^^Hi^^^^K^^^^Bi^^^^^^H 

^^^^^^H^^^^^v^^^^K^^^^^B-  ^^^^^^^1 

^^^^H' ^^ ;/    W^K 

^^^^^^^^^^B  -r/'"/ii       -^"''•'vSfl 

^^^^^^K'^^^^^w  ^^^^^H| 

^^^^^^^^V'  .  .'iV''     r>^'V-.>M|f 

^^^^Htf'Bi'>^^H^B 

m 

'^V^^l 

^^^^^Bpi^B'  '  '^^^H^ 

i^^^^B 

^^^^^HII^IH' ' '  '^^^K^ 

^^^^^^B 

^^^HiilH^^^^^v 

^^E 

^^B  f^^^^^ 

B 

l^^n 

I^^l 

'^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^^^^^^E 

^B^ 

^^H 

I^^^H 

^v 

C'^^^^^B 

^^^H 

B 

~^^^^Ki 

^^1 

''^^^^^^v'^^^^^Bu 

B 

^^^E 

^H 

^H^l 

'.^^^^Bt-^^^^v 

B 

^^H. 

i^^^H 

^^^^^^hHI^^E 

f^^^BV^^^K  ^H 

l^^^^^l 

^Hi 

^^^^^^Bo^^^^^^E^   ^^^H~ 

^^^M 

^^^^^H 

^I^HB 

^^^^9»^^H  ^^B^^B 

^1 

^^^hB 

^^^H 

^^^^^^31 

^M^&L^^M 

^H 

5r(7J  cliaiiis  and  belt 


Fourth  or  FiftJi    )'car    ll'or/c 

Wind  six  times  around  the  loom,  bejj^inning 
at  the  bottom.  Have  seven  threads  in  front 
of  the  h)om,  as  one  of  the  threads  is  used  as 
the  weaver.  Take  the  thread  at  the  left. 
Thread  it  into  a  No.  1 2  erewel  needle.  vString 
five  beads  and  put  the  thread  uiido-  the  warp 
threads,  about  half-way  up  the  loom,  having 
the  thread  that  is  .strung  for  the  left  warp 
thread.  Do  not  use  the  last  thread  on  the 
right. 

Bring  one  bead  up  between  eaeh  warp 
thread  with  a  thread  on  the  outside.  Then 
put  the  needle  through  the  beads  again  from 
the  right,  and  above  eaeh  warp  thread,  and 
pull  it  tight. 

String  more  beads,  and  proceed  as  before. 
Great  care  must  be  taken  to  put  the  thread 
first  under,  then  over,  the  warp  threads. 

When  the  weaver  is  nearly  used,  fasten 
it  by  sewing  it  back  and  forth  through  two 
or  three  rows. 

Now  take  the  thread  left  at  the  right  and 
bring  it  through  the  first  row  woven.  This 
will  bring  the  thread  to  the  left,  and  you  are 
ready  to  weave  as  before.  This  makes  a 
little  tmevenness  at  the  joining,  but  it  saves 
tying  the  threads. 

Begin  a  new  thread  by  putting  it  through 
two  or  three  rows. 

It  is  very  easy  to  weave  in  the  pattern,  and 
children  have  no  trouble  in  making  the  chains. 

12=; 


Bead  rliaiii  ami  Ioodi 


I II  i/ II  s  I r  i a  /   II ' o  r  k 

Bead  bells  arc  \v()\-cn  in  ;^'rcat  win'cty,  as  ai'e  also  watch  foljs. 
purses,  baj4's,  etc. 

(ti:m:kai.  Work 

j\Iany  lines  of  work  not  mentioned  in  this  course  slionld  he  i^iven  in 
these  g'rades.  Always  consider  the  needs  of  the  ])n])ils,  and  tr\-  lo  meet 
them  in  the  best  way. 

"To  love  what  one  commands  himself  to  do  is  to  endcnv  it  with  that 
magnetism  and  vitality  which  insures  success.  To  command  one's  self 
to  do  without  lovini^,  is  mechanism  and  sjfcnerates  no  power." 

Two  thirsty  travelers  chanced  one  day  to  meet 
Where  a  spring-  bubbled  from  the  burning  sand  ; 
One  drank  out  of  the  hollow  of  his  hand, 
And  found  the  water  very  cool  and  sweet, 
The  other  waited  for  a  smith  to  beat 
And  fashion  for  his  use  a  golden  cup  ; 
And  while  he  \vaited,  fainting  in  the  heat, 
The  sunshine  came  and  drank  the  fountain  up  I 

— From  ''H/n/s,''  hv  A  lice  Carv. 


A  solid  rdj^.ii  basket 
ij6 


i-_ 


A   LIST  OF  THE  AUTHORS 
QUOTED 

PAGE 

Aldrich,  Thomas  Baii.i.v -8 

Andrews,  Jaxf.    . 56 

Beckwith,  M.  Hei.kx 37 

Bliss,  Axxie  ^Larie      ...  107 

Bolton,  Sarah  K 52 

Brooks.  Phillu's 23 

Brvaxi,  Wit. 1,1  am  Ccllkx 74,  ^4 

Carroll,  Clarexce  Fraxklix 49 

Carv,  Alice 16,  45,  52,  126 

Cooper,  George 29 

Craik,  Dixah  ^IiLociv 79 

Crauch,  Chrisioi'her  Pearsk 85 

Dewev,  Joiix .  .       9.  29,  33 

DlCKSOX.   RUHARI)   (i 54.  69 

Eliot,  Charles  W 2c 

Emersox,  Rait'H  Waldo        • 108 

Fawcett,  Ei^gar S4 

Field,  Eugene :!o 

Freeman,  Lvdla  H 76 

French,  Fraxk 3:? 

GoETHK,  JoHAxx  Wi~)Lfc;an(;  vox       10 

Hemans,  Feliclv 53 

Hogg,  Ja.mes i)4 


Induslr iu I   Work 

PAGE 

Jackson,  Hei.k.n  Huni' '3,  47 

Jkli.ii'kk,  Hki,i:\a  L 78 

Kea  rs,  John ' 77 

Laighton,  Alber'J' 74 

Longfellow,  Henry  Wadsworth 57.  62 

Lowell,  James  Russeli 23,  57,  75,  85 

Macdonald,  George 40 

Martin,  Willl^vim 77 

Miller,  Emily  H 62,  63 

Moore,  Clement  C 62 

Parker,  Francis  W 10,  14,  20,  24,  38,  40,  63,  74,  87,  103,  108 

Poulsson,  Emilie 52 

Procter,  Bryan  Waller 85 

Richards,  C.  R .       40 

vScoTT,  Sir  Walter 62 

Stanton,  Frank  L 65 

Stedman,  Edmund  Clarence Zt, 

Stevenson,  Robert  Louis 39,  52 

Swett,  Susan  Hartley 42 

Tabb,  John  Bannister 83 

Tennyson,  Alfred 62,  79,  83,  85 

Thaxter,  Celia 32,  38,  68 

Thorn,  Alix 84 

Van  Dyke,  Henry 83 

Wheelock,  Lucy 78 

Whittier,  John  Greenleaf 10,  48,  65,  76 

Wilcox,  Ella  Wheeler 105 

Wordsworth,  William 76 


128 


INFORMATION  CONCERNING 
MATERIALS 

German  knitting-  yarn  costs  about  90  cents  per  pound,  and  one 
pound  will  make  thirty-six  bed  blankets. 

Double  fold  Germantown  yarn  costs  about  $1.50  per  pound,  and  one 
pound  will  make  forty-eight  holders,  6x6  inches. 

Colored  folding  paper  can  be  obtained  of  the  Prang  Educational 
Company,  Chicago,  111.,  at  very  reasonable  rates,  or  it  can  be  cut  and 
put  up  in  packages  at  any  paper  factory. 

Weaving  strips  can  be  cut  at  any  paper  factory  or  printing  office. 
White  raffia  costs  from  15  cents  to  20  cents  per  pound,  and  can  be 
purchased  of  the  following  firms  : 

R.  &  J.  Farquhar  &  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 
The  Vaughan  Seed  Store,  Nciu  York  and  Chicago. 
J.  M.  Thornburn  &  Co.,  New  York  City. 
Northrup,  King  &  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Schissler,  Cornell  Seed  Co.,  .S7.  Louis,  Mo. 
Milton  Bradley  &  Co.,  Springfield,  Mass. 
Cox  Seed  Co.,  Sa)i  Francisco,  Cal. 
Raffia  is  usually  sold  by  all  florists,  and  is  now  sold  at  mauy  seed 
stores. 

Colored  raffia  costs  about  50  cents  per  pound.  It  can  be  purchased 
of  the  following  firms  : 

Northrup,  King  &  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
]\Iilton  Bradley  &  Co.,  Springfield,  Mass. 
The  Vaughan  Seed  Store,  Ah-LU  York  and  Chicago. 
Rattan  is  sold  by  the  following  firms  : 
:\Iarshall  Field  &  Co.,  Chicago,  III. 

9  i2g 


J n (/ If s / r iu /    ll'or/c 

The  Vau^i^-han  Seed  Store,  CJucai;v,  III. 
Northrnp,  King  &  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Heywood  Co.,  (lanhicr,  Mass. 
U.  S.  Rattan  Co.,  Ne^v  York  and  Chicai^o. 

Rattan  is  also  sold  at  many  curio  stores  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  One 
pound  will  make  about  one  dozen  small  baskets  or  mats. 

Carpet  warp  costs  about  25  cents  per  pound,  and  one  pound  will 
string-  fifty  looms. 

Splint  and  sweet  grass  can  be  purchased  of  Milton  Bradley  &  Co., 
Spf-ingjield,  Mass.,  and  of  Geo.  D.  Mitchell,  Old  Toi^ni,  Maine. 

Weaving  needles  cost  about  $4  per  thousand.  Queen's  crewel  tap- 
estry needles  cost  about  $1.50  per  thousand. 

Hammock  twine  can  be  purchased  of  American  Net  &  Twine  Co., 
Boston,  Mass.,  and  of  Todd  &'  Todd,  Minneapolis,  Minn.  One  pound 
(12  lay)  will  make  four  hammocks,  and  cost  about  25  cents. 

Carpet  yarn  can  be  purchased  of  Todd  &  Todd,  730  East  Eighteenth 
Street,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  at  about  42  cents  per  pound.  One  pound 
will  make  five  rugs. 

Strawboard  for  looms  can  be  obtained  at  any  paper  factory  or 
store.  One  package  of  8  x  8-inch  looms  (fifty  in  a  package)  should  cost 
about  15  cents. 

The  Todd  adjustable  hand  loom  can  be  purchased  of  Todd  &  Todd, 
730  East  Eighteenth  Street,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

The  Little  Gem  hand  loom  can  be  purchased  of  J.  E.  Painter,  1604 
Clinton  Avenue,  Minneapolis,  Mi)in.,  at  18  cents  each,  or  $12.50  per 
thousand. 

Beads  for  chains  can  be  purchased  at  any  large  dry  goods  or  fancy 
goods  store  in  bunches  or  by  the  ounce. 

Pillow  looms  and  chain  looms  are  easih^  made,  and  children  should 
be  encouraged  to  make  their  own. 


IJO 


A  LIST  OF  BOOKS  ON   INDUS- 
TRIAL WORK 

Albee,  Mrs.  Helen  R.     Abnakee  Rugs.     Boston:    The  Riverside  Press. 

Mountain  Playmates,     Boston:   Hong/iton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

AsHENHURST,  Thomas  R.     Dcsigns  in  Textile  Fabrics.     London:  Cas- 

sell  &  Co. 

Weaving  and  Designing  of  Textile  Fabrics.     London:  Sinipkin 

Marshall  &  Co. 

Bates,  Lois.     Kindergarten  Guide.     Neiv  York:    Lom^nians,  Creen  & 

Co. 
BiRDwooD,  Sir  George.     Industrial  Arts  of  India.     London:    Chapman 

&  Hall. 
Bower,  J.  A.     How  to  Make  Common  Things.     Xeic  York:    Thomas 

Nelson  &  So/is. 
Briggs,  E.  F.     Industrial  Training  in   Reform  Institutions.     Syraense, 

N.  Y.:  C.  ]V.  Bar  dee  n. 
Cutter,  F.  C.     Primary  Manual  Training.     Chieago:  Iidneational  Pub- 
lishing Co. 
Firth,  Annie.     Cane  Basket  Work.     London:    L.    Vpeott   (lill.      Xei<.' 

York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 
GuRDji,  Y.     Oriental  Ruo-  AVeaving.     Nei.v  York:    1\  Tennvsoii  Xeelv 

Co.  '  ^  ^ 

Ham,  C.  H.     Mind  and  Hand.     Nczv  York:  Ameriean  Book  Co. 
Holt,  Rosa  Belle.     Rugs:  Oriental  and  Occidental.     Chicago:  A.  C. 

McClnrg  &  Co. 
How  to  Make  and  How  to  ]\Iend.    (Directions  for  dyeing.)    AVii'  York: 

The  Macniillan  Co. 
James,    George    Wharton.      Indian    Ba.sketry.      Xeio    York:     Henry 

Malkan. 
Japp,  a.   H.     Days  with   Industrials.     Ara-    York:   Charles  Seribner's 

Sons. 

/?/ 


I  ml  II  s  I  r  ia  I    Work 

Kkwo.x.  W.  ].     First  Years  in  Handicraft.    Xcio  York:   Ilakcr  <:'r  Tay- 
lor Co. 
Kii.r.ox,   G.    B.     Knife  Work  in  the  Schoolroom.     Spriiii^/ic/d,    Mass.: 

Milton  Bradley  Co. 
Kn.app,  Elizaheth  vS.     Raffia  and  Reed  Weavin^^'.     Sprnigficld^  Mass.: 

Milton  Bradley  Co. 
Kr.vus,  Boelte  Mme.    Kinderi^arten  Guide.    A^ew  York:  Steiger  c-t'  Co. 
]\Iason\    O.    T.     Woman's    vShare    in    Primitive    Culture.     A'eiv    York: 

I).  Appleton  &  Co. 
Morris,  William.     Some   Hints  on  Pattern   Designing-.     New    York: 

D.  Appleton  &  Co. 
MuMFORD,  J.  K.     Oriental  Rugs.     Aew  York:    Cl/arles  Seribner's  Sons. 
Murray,  W.     Handbook  for  Teachers.     Roe/iester,  A'.   Y.:    Mechanies" 

Institute. 
Peters,  C.     Home  Handicrafts.     Nezo  York:  Fleming  H.  Revell  &  Co 
How   to    ]\Iake    Common    Things.      Xeio    York:    Fleming    H. 

Revell  &  Co. 
Sei)1)IX(;,  J.    Art  and  Handicraft.    Xeiv  York:   Cliarles  Seribner's  Sons. 
Seidel,  R.     Industrial  Instruction.     Boston  :  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co. 
Sheldon,   William   E.,   and   others.     Illustrated    Lessons  with    Paper 

Folding-.     Springfield,  Mass.:  Milton  Bradley  Co. 
SiMMONDS,  P.     Useful  Animals  and  Their  Products.     A^eiu  York:  Spon 

&  Chamberlain. 
SuTCLiFFE,  J.  D.     Handcraft.     New  York:  Maynard,  Merrill  &  Co. 
Todd,  Mattie  P.   Hand  Loom  Weaving.    Chieago:  Rand,  MeA'ally  &  Co. 

Walker,  Louisa.  Varied  Occupations  in  String  Work  ;  comprising 
Knotting,  Netting,  Looping,  Plating,  and  ^lacrame.  N'ew  York: 
The  Maemillan  Co. 

Varied  Occupations  in  Weaving.     A\w  York:    The  Maemillan  Co. 

Wheeler,  Mrs.  Canl:)Ace.  Home  Industries  and  Domestic  Weavings. 
New  York:  Assoeiated  Artists,  iij  Fast  Twenty-third  Street. 

Whuie,  Marv.     How  to  ]^Iake  Baskets.     N'ew  York:  Donbleday,  Page 

cr  Co. 
Worst,   Edward  F.     Construction  Work.     Chieago:    A.  JV.  Mum  ford. 

132 


THE    INDEX 

t^AII  in  italics  arc  cither  t/ic  titles  or  first  lines  of  the  poems) 


^'■Aiid  ii'/iat  IS  so  rare  as  a  day  I'u  Jiiiuu"  85. 
^^ Apple  orcliard  in  t lie  spr ills'.  The,"  -j-j. 
''April,"  38. 
''Arbutus  "  76. 
"Autumn fires"  52. 

Baskets,  doll's  clothes,  98  ;  Easter,  75  ;  Indian 
stitch.  2,  115,  116,  117;  May,  41,  80-82;  paper, 
11-12  ;  rattan,  94-99;  rattan  and  raffia,  106, 
109-113;  solid  raffia,  112,  114,  116,  126;  splint, 
8S-90;  tied  stitch,  109-113;  woven  paper,  16-17. 

Bead  chains,  123-126. 

Bed  blanket,  doll's,  44,  54-56. 

Belts,  bead,  123-126;  braided  raffia,  100. 

Bird  booklets,  83. 

"Blac/ibird,  T/ie,"  83. 

Blotting  pad,  60. 

'^Bluebird,  Ttie,"  84. 

"Bobo/in/i's,  T/ie,"  85. 

Bookmarks,  24-26  ;  braided  raffia,  100,  loi. 

Borders,  55-56,  72-73. 

Box,  hexagonal,  58-59  ;  pencil,  28  ;  seed,  10-11,45. 

Braided  raffia,  bookmarks,  100 ;  belts,  100 ; 
work,  98-101. 

Braiding,  four-strand,  99-101. 

Brush-broom  holder,  59-60. 

Bureau,  doll's,  14. 

Calendar,  60. 

Card  case,  raffia,  51. 

Carpet-yarn  rugs,  33-36. 

Chair,  doll's.  12. 

Chinese  lanterns,  46. 

"C/irisi/nas  ci'eiyii'tiere,''  23. 

Christmas  invitation,  a,  22. 

"Cr'iristinas  message,  Tlie"  56. 

Circle  marker,  58. 

Clothes  basket,  doll's,  98. 

"Clovers  "  78. 

"Corn  Song,  Tlie"  48. 

Cradle,   Puritan,  19. 


"Daffodils,  The,"  76. 

Doll's  bed  blanket,  44,  54-56. 

Doll's  furniture,  basket,  98  ;  bureau,  14;  chair. 

12;  tablf,  13. 
Doll's  hammocks,  70. 

"Eagle,  The."  85. 

Easter  basket,  75. 

Envelopes,  seed,  45,  46  ;  valentine,  31,  67. 

"Faded  leaves,"  45. 
Fan,  rattan  and  raffia,  104. 
Flower  booklets,  75. 
"Forget-me-not,"  -jy. 


General  work, 
51,  56,  62,  65, 
George  Washington  hat,  31-3 
"Green  things  growing,"  79. 


5,  19,  22,  29,  32,  36,  38,  42,  47, 
,  loi,  126. 


Hammocks,  69-73  ;  doll's,  70. 

"Hang  up  tlie  baby's  stoclting,"  62. 

Hat,  George  Washington,  31-32. 

"Heap  on  more  ivood.'  "  62. 

"His  store  of  nuts  and  acorns  now,"  52. 

Holder,  29-31. 

"Humming  bird,  Tlie,"  83. 

"I lieard  tiie  bells  on  Christmas  day."  57. 
Indian  canoe,  18-19. 
Indian  stitch   baskets,  2,  115-117. 
Invitation  to  see  Christmas  work,  an,  22 

"Jacli-in-the-pulpit,"  ji'\ 
"July,"  42. 

"Kingfislier.  The,"  84. 

"Landing  of  the  Pilgrim  Fattier  s,"  53. 
Lanterns,  Chinese,  46  ;  toy,  14. 
"Lilacs,"  77. 
Looms,  30,  125;  hammock,  71  ;  pillow,  118. 


133 


hid  It  s  1 1-  i  a  I   \\'o)-k 


'■'■Marc/i,"  32. 

Match  scratcher,  22. 

Mats,  braided  raffia,  loo-ioi  ;  rattan,  92-94  ;  rat- 
tan woven  raffia,  86,  91  ;  tied  stitcli  rattan 
and  raffia,  108  ;  woven  paper,  27-28. 

May  baskets,  41,  80-83. 

'•.lAvM-y,  rollicking,  frolicking  May,"  40. 

Mitten  needle  book,  21. 

Napkin  ring,  26. 
'■^Xastiirtitim,"  78. 

"O  suns  and  skies!  "  13. 
'■Owl,  The,"  85. 

''■Pansy,"  76. 

Paper  basket,  11-12. 

Paper  weaving,  right  and  left,  24-28. 

" Pasi] ue-floiver,"  76. 

Picture  frames,  raffia,  61-62. 

Pillows,  raffia  porch,  117-123. 

Plaques,  solid  raffia,  113,  115. 

Porch  pillows,  raffia,  117-123. 

"Potter,  The,"  87. 

Puritan  cradle,  19. 

Purses,  bead,  123-126  ;  braided  raffia,  loi. 

Raffia,  bag,  loi  ;   baskets,  106,  112-115,  116,  126  ; 

belts,   100 ;    bookmark,    loi  ;    braided   work. 

08-101  ;  card  case,  51  ;  mat,   100,  loi  ;  picture 

frames,  61-62;  plaques,  113,  115,  116;   porch 

pillows,  117-123  ;  rattan  woven  mat,  86;  rugs, 

50-51- 
Raffia  and  rattan,  baskets,  106,  109-113  ;  fan,  104; 

Indian  stitch,  115,  116,  117. 
"Ram,"  39. 
Rattan,  baskets,  94-99,  109-111  ;  mat,  91-94  ;  work, 

90-98  ;  woven  raffia  mat,  86. 
"Red  Riding  Hood,"  65. 
"Robin,  The,"  83. 
Rugs,  carpet  yarn,  33-36  ;  raffia,  50-51 ;  silkoline, 

41-42. 

Sachet  square,  21. 

"Shadozvs,"  107. 


Shaving  ball,  21. 
Shaving-paper  star,  59. 
"Skylark,  7 he,"  84. 
Sled,  17-18. 

"Song  of  the  wind,"  37. 
"Song  sparroiv.  The,"  83. 
Splint  baskets,  88-90. 
Splints,  weaving  with,  88-go. 
"Siveet  peas,"  77. 
"Swing,  The,"  39. 

Table,  doll's,  13. 

Tea  cozy,  63-65. 

"  The  golden-rod  is  yclkrw,"  47. 

"  The  leaves  are  fading  and  falling,"  :6. 

"  The  loud  winds  are  calling,"  52. 

"The  snow  had  begun  in  the  gloaming,"  23. 

"  There  is  no  glory  in  star  or  blossoms."  74. 

"There's  a  wonderful  iveaver"  29. 

Thermometer,  a,  102, 

"Throstle,  The"  79. 

Tied  stitch,  baskets,  109-117  ;  mats.  108-109. 

"Tiger-lilies"  78. 

"To  an  oriole,"  84. 

"To  the  dandelion,"  75. 

Toboggan  cap,  a,  62. 

"T'U'O  thirsty  trave. 


126. 


'Under  the  leaz; 


Valentines,  31  ;  envelopes,  31,  67. 
'•Violet,"  76. 

'•  Waiting  to  groiv,"  32. 

Weaving,   right  and  left  paper,  24-2S  : 

8,  i_=. 
'■What  means  that  star,"  57. 
"  Which  is  your  kind,"  105. 
"  Why  do  bells  for  Christmas  ring,"  20. 
"  wild  geese,"  68. 
Windmill,  33. 
"Winter  song,"  63. 


single. 


134 


The  h/i^/iest  aim  of  art  is  to  make  some  useful  thing  beautiful.  —  Kenyon  Cox 


"ONLY  WORDS  OF  COMMENDATION" 

I  have  only  words  of  cordial  commendation  for  Mrs.  Todd's  new  book,  "Hand- 
Loom  Weaving."  Mrs.  Todd  has  done  a  remarkably  good  work  for  our  schools. 
Her  book  is  the  outcome  of  long  and  careful  thought  and  investigation  as  well  as 
patient  practice.  It  represents  a  thoroughly  helpful  line  of  manual  work  which  will 
be  a  basis  for  a  more  wholesome  manual  training  for  older  girls  as  well  as  for  the 
primarj-  children  who  were  first  concerned  in  it.  I  am  sure  that  the  book  will  attain 
great  success,  which  it  deserves.     I  shall  be  happy  to  commend  it  to  teachers. 

Dean  Sunmoiis  College,  Boston,  Mass.  S.A.RAH   L.   Ak.N'OLD. 


Hand-Loom  Weaving 

A  MAS  UAL  FOR  TEACHERS 

By  MATTIE   PHIPPS  TODD,   of  the  Motley  School,  Minneapolis.      With  an   introduction  by 
Alice  W.  Cooi^kw  for merly  .Supervisor  of  Primary  Schools,  Minneapolis. 

Cloth,  i6o  pages,  with  fifty  illustrations  and  designs,  90  cents. 


RAND,  iMcNALLY  &  COMPANY,  Publishers 


Chicap-o 


New  York 


J.oiido/t 


EVERY  TEACHI:R 

SIIOUT-I)  HAVE  TMESli  BOOKS  OX  IMS  DICSK 

Common  Sense  Didactics 

J-OR  COMMON  SCHOOL  1 EACIIERS 

By  HENRY  SABIN 

Snperiiilcndeiit  of  Public  Instruction  for  tlie  State  of  loiva  iSSS-q3  atzd  /Sg4-gS. 
C/iairiiiaii  of  Committee  of  Tn'elve  on  Rural  Sc/wols,  A\  E.  A.,  iSgj 

Cloth,   i2mo,  343  pages,  $i.oo 

Prepared  for  those  who  are  disposed  to  investigate  school  affairs  from  a  common- 
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into  the  true  spirit  of  teaching.     Each  chapter  is  designed  to  meet  a  distinct  need. 

The  Child 

HIS  rilJNKIXG,  FEELIXG,  A.\D  DOIXG 

By  AMY  E.  TANNER,  Ph.  D. 

Professor  of  Pttilosopliy  in  Wilson  College,  Cliambersburg,  Pennsylvania 

Illustrated  with  plans  and  diagrams 

Cloth,   i2mo,  430  pages,  $1.25 

The  book  treats  of  the  physical  nature  of  the  child  as  related  to  his  mental  devel- 
opment. Its  object  is  not  so  much  to  offer  conclusions  as  to  outline  what  has  been 
done,  and  to  show  the  need  and  opportunity  for  future  work.  It  is  the  first  ade- 
quate summary  of  what  has  been  said  and  written  on  the  subject  of  Child-Study. 
Each  chapter  ends  with  an  exhaustive  bibliography. 

Write  lis  for  i)ifonnatioii  reo;ar(Uiig  these  Iwoks 
ED  UCA  TIONAL  PUBLISHERS 

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